ANALYZED TEXT ta' fd' bitaHgo' ndjiyq*^ iiXergo^ xaxane'^ Nancy Woodman, Lukachukai, Arizona from 'ddaxoniligv April 1, 1949 ciya- xazlf^'di'^^ tah ^dnisUvsigo^ cirrKp ntt^ ^ddinP djini.^ fa* do* yvltsq'do*^ fa* do* ba* ^dxonrzf''da''^^ fah cf' ^awe-' niclfgo^^ cimq.^ ^ddinJ cije'd]^^ feiyd xolg^^ cimqsdnido' xglgM nlii^^ cimq, 'ddin silf'^do'cf'^^ xd'dfe-gocf'^'^ ciya- xazlf^^ xola. 1 (d' bitaHgo' ndjiyq- "orphan": td' ''absolutely;" 6i-3 obj. of post- position -ta' ''between" (6.16, 7.49.); -^-nominalizing suffix "the one that" (5.25.); -go' postposition "in the position of" (7.75.). n- < na- about (10.92.); dji-4: subj.; -yd* < -yd pres. of -gd'l "one person walks, goes" (8.96.), the stem is lengthened before life-go. The com- pound means "one who is in the position of merely going about be- tween them." Interestingly enough, Nancy nasalizes -yd before nfe-' which Morgan, the transcriber and editor, usually writes thus. Often, however, it is wf§*' and probably was so pronounced by Nancy, or it may be that -yd < -yq under the influence of following n (3.26, 3.37.). In this form -ya* might be confused with -ydh (pres.) or -y^'h (cust.) of -yq^'l "kill pi.," but could not be so interpreted (cp. YM 68, 72, 75). 2 nfe-'go "past" (11.36.): nfe-' "past;" -go- subordinating enclitic (7.69.) 3 xaxane' "her story": a;a-4poss. (6.16.); axine' "story" 4 ciya- xazlf-'d^-' "from my childhood" : ci-l poss. ; -ya' postposition "under" (6.16, 7.64.); xaz- < a:o-things-5i-3 pf. (10.116f.); 4f pf. stem of -le-l "become" (12,53.); -di'' postposition "from" (7.43.); hence "things have become from under me" 5 'dnistii'sigo "I being small": 'd-(9m-)static (10.78.), -c-1 subj. > -8- before ti (3.32.); -Uv8i verb stem "be small;" -go subordinating enclitic 382 ANALYZED TEXT 383 One-who-used-to-go-about-between-themi being-past^ her(4)-story3 From-the-time-things-happened-under-me^ Still I-being-smalF my-mother-deceased® was-wanting'^ they-say.^ I-did-not-see-her^ I-do-not-remember-about-it.^** Still-probably a- baby I-being^^ my-mother^ was-gone.' My-father^^ only was^^ my- mother-old-also was.^^ When my-mother was-gone from-when-it- became^^ however^' I-grew-up* I-don't-know. 6 ci'7n4 *'my mother": a-1 poss. (6.16.); -md ''mother" 7 'ddin ''he nothing, be dead": 'a-3 static (10.78.); -din static stem of -di'l "be nothing, be missing, wanting" (12.52.) 8 djini ''one says, it is said, they say": dji-4: subj. (6.18.); -ni pres. stem of -nvl ''say" (12.57.) 9 fa* do' yrltsd'do' ''I never saw her" : ta' do' . , .-% negative frame (11.73.) ; possibly Nancy used -do- for -go* in which case the frame is td' do' . . .-i-go' (11.76.). yvl-tsd 1 pf. cess, of -l-tse'l "see" (10.105c.); -ts4' may result from -tsq^-i, or -tsd may be lengthened before -do* (3.36.). If -do' is not -go* as suggested, it may be the enclitic -do' "and" (7.46.) 10 {d' do' ba- ^dxoni'zfda "I do not remember her at all": ta' do' ,,.'da negative frame (11.77.); ba- < ba~S obj.-a- postposition "about" (6.16, 7.18.); 'a-thus-a;o-things-m-uni.-pf. cess. (10.105c.); -zf > -zi* before -da pf. or static of -zi-l "have attitude toward, be aware of" ; hence, "there-is-no-awareness-of-things-about-it" (3.34-3.35.) 11 nclfgo "I being": nc- < m-abs.-c-l subj.; -If "be" > -?f after -c-, short high vowel becomes long falling vowel before -go subordinating enclitic (3.35, 3.93, 7.69, 10.97, 12.50.) 12 cije'e "my father": ci-1 poss. (6.16.) -je'e "father" 13 xi^lg "it is," here "was living" (12.51.) 384 NAVAHO GBAMMAR dr fd'do'le'e ba- 'dxonvzf'do'^^ ISasdd'' fd' 'alUo be'da-cnvh^^ tiidd xodjo'bdHgo^^ yicd'P-^ Idgo 6a* 'dxonrzf-'^^, tiidd fd-'vyisr fd' 'dxo'dza'go'^^ nlei^^ h'ctci'htah Ttaxalindi^^ nisedzil^^ logo bw 'dxoni'- zf'\^^ 'd'do-^^ 'aUci'dVfdi'^^ nlei Uidd tWaltso be- 'atici'fod'rd^^ xdicf^^'^ fd' bil xa'fo'ltcidcf^^ be' tiidd td'^altso be' ^dtici'fiVf'^^ logo ba* ^dxoni'- zf'\^^ fd' bixolni'hgo' rdei^^ fd' tde'etrngo'da^^ tse^ya* cicdjo'lgo^^ nacrlka'^^ nfi'\^ be* 'adino'te'li'^ ndi do' be- ca- 'docdy^'go'-^^ 14 ciniamntdo' "my maternal grandmother also": ci-l poss. -m^ ''mother;" -sdni *'old;" -do' ''also" (6.16, 7.46.) 15 nlei demonstrative adverb here with temporal meaning 'Vhen, at the time when" (12.5, 12.5a.) 16 ciw4 *ddin siU'^doxf' "however (it may have been) from the time when my mother died": cimd ^ddin see notes 6,7; si-lf'^ 3 si-pi. (10.117.); -//*' static stem of -fe-? "become" (12.53.); -i(5- postposition "from, from the time"; c/- "probably" (7.48, 11.94.) 17 xd'dfe-gocf' "however it was, how" (11.94, 11.98a.) 18 he'da'cni'h "I remember": be- is probably thematic but may come from fci-3 obj.-n-against-na-back; (fox- < d5a-misfortune-j/i- cont.-c-l subj. (10.95a.); -ni'k (or ~nih) pres. stem of -nit (or -nil) "be aware of, recall, remember" 19 xodjo'bdHgo "being pitiful, being an object of pity": a;o-4 obj.- djO' < dji-eitt,-yi-cont, (10.121b.); -bd (probably -6a') pres. stem of -6a-^ ''pity, be kind to;" -i nominalizing suffix; -go subordinating enclitic (5.25, 6.20, 7.69.) 20 yicd'l "I go about prog.": yi'-prog.-c-l subj.; -gd'l "one person goes" (8.96, 10.102, 12.46.) 21 fd' ^dxo'dza'go' "absolutely it was, conditions kept being, things happened so" : fd' "just ;" 'a-thus-a;o-things-yi-prog,-W'*-compl. (10.1 16e.); 'dza' pf. stem of -Tie'l "be done to" (12.47.); -go- post- position "indefinitely forward," here "future" (7.75.) 22 le'ctdi'htah naxalindi "as if in a place among the ashes" : lextirh "ashes;" -tah postposition "among" (7.50.); naxa- < na-a;o-ground- ni-abs.- (10.116b.); -lin static stem "be like, resemble;" -di post- position "at, in place" (7.44.) 23 nisedzil "I was pushed": m-end-ci-1 subj.-na-against (3.32, 10.95h.) ; -dzil pres. stem of -dzil "be pushed" ANALYZED TEXT 385 These anything-at-all I-was-aware-of^® almost everything I- remember-(as)^^ being-absolutely-pitifuP® I-go-about^^ ever-since I-can-remember-about-it.^** Absolutely awful just-as-it-happened^^ from-then^^ ashes-amongst the-place-being-like^^ I-was-pushed- about^^ ever-since I-remember.^^ From-then-on"* I-was-mistreated- there^^ then absolutely all with-it I-was-mistreated^^ whatever^' what-was-probably-at-hand with-it^^ absolutely everything with-it I-was-mistreated"*^ ever-since I-remember.^^ Just any-old-place then^^ just at-the-doorway-for-example^** face-down in-a-huddle^^ I-spent-the-nights^*^ past/^ Bedding^ even was-not-provided-for- me.^ 24 'd'do' "and then, then, from then on": 'a-demonstrative > 'a*- before -do- postposition ''from'* (3.37, 7.1, 7.48.) 25 'aticVfiVi-di: ''at the place where I was mistreated": ^ati- suffering-ci-1 subj.-Wi-i ag.-Z-pass. cans. (10.77.); -'/ pres. stem of -'i'l "do" > -'f * before -di postposition "in place" (3.35, 7.44.) 26 be' 'atici'to'Vi'd "by means of it (everything) I was mistreated": bi'S obj.-e* postposition "by means of" (6,16, 7.24.); 'a^i-suffering- ci'l subj.-'a(i^-i ag.-t/i-prog.-T^t-compl.-Z-pass. caus. (10.104,); -*i'd pf. stem of -'i'l "do" (12,47.) 27 xdic{' "whatever (remote) possible": a:a-interrogative "remote;" -^ nominalizing suffix ; cf' "possibly" (5.25, 7.2, 11.94.) 28 ta' bil xa'tb'ltcidcf' "absolutely (whatever) was at hand": fd' "absolutely;" hi-^ ohj,-l "with (accompaniment)" (6.16, 7.103.); xa'(o-l'< a;a-out-'a(ii-i ag.-2/i-prog.-m-compl.-Z-pass. caus. (10.104.); -tcid pf. stem of -tcil "move hand;" c/* "possibly" (11.94.) 29 See notes 25, 26 30 fa- tie'etrngo'da "just at the doorway for example": ta- "just;" tce'etrn "doorway;" -go' postposition "in position" (7.75,); -da{h) postposition "for example" (7.38.) 31 cicdjo'lgo "I being curled up, huddling": cic- < si-^i.-ni- oompl. -C"l ag. (10.117.); -djo-l static stem of -djol "bunchy substance lies" (12.41.); -go subordinating suffix (7.69.) 32 naci-lka' "I spent nights here and there": wa-about-ci-1 obj.- «/i-cont.-2/i-rep.asp. (10.106b.); -1-100" mom. stem of -l-kd*l "night passes" (cp. notes 49, 55) 33 be* 'odino-tHv "bedding": 6e* < 6i-3 obj.-e* postposition "by 386 NAVAHO GRAMMAB fd' 'dko ndi nunicka'dP cini4^ nU-^^ hitUzi^^ M^ x^l4'g(^'^ yq-h^^ 'ddin'^ Id. 'dko 'e^ tah yidzi'higr^^ bike'' naxd,^^ cikc' ndi fd^ge'd dibe bikf'-' na'cd.^^ ci'e-' ndi 'aM'n dabizisigr^^ (d' 'dxo'dza'gi^^ ^dda'lya*- go^^ ndaxa'zf&dgo^ ciUi dahnda-ta'go^^ nanicka-d.^^ sitsi-' ndi xd'h- g&cf' Ui'lzei bil Mida^z'd'go'^^ na'cdJ^^ ya'' ndi JSad cidan^vlxYgo^'^ kofe'go tiidd fd' 'altsont bike' ti' xo'cnvhgo^^ cvnilkq^^^ 'dkondi fd- 'dko ndi cili'' xglg,^ means of" (6.16, 7,24.); 'adino'- < 'a-i subj.-ci/m-prol.-i/i-prog. (10.91.); 'te-l '*one animate obj. lies" (12.30.); -r nominalizing suffix ''the particular one that" (5.23.). Hence, "bedding" is **the- particular-one-by-means-of-which-someone-lies-prol." 34 do' be' ca' 'dxdyq'go' 'It was not provided for me": do' . . .-go' negative frame (11.65.); be' see note 33; ca' < ci-l obj.- -a* post- position ''for, on account of" (6,16, 7.18.); 'd-xd- < 'a-thus-a;o- things-(mi-)cont. (10,116h.); -yd > -yd-, before -go' pres. stem of -yq'l "provide for, care for" (3.37, and cp. note 9) 35 nanicka'd "I am herding": n/i-nic- < 7ia-about-'a-theme-ni-uni. -c-1 subj. (10.98a.); -ka-d pres. stem of -kal "spread" (12.33.) 36 bitiizi "her goats": 6t-3 poss. (6.16.); tiizi "goat" 37 ta' xglg'go "just being": fd' "just;" xgl^ "there were" (12.51.); -go subordinating enclitic (7.69, and cp. note 13) 38 yq'h "beside her, extraneous to her": yi-3 obj. differentiated from 3 subj. (in this case bitiizi); -q'h postposition "extraneous to" (6.16, 7.22.) 39 yidzi'Mgr "those that survived": yi-cont. (10.103.); -dzi'h pres. stem of -dzih "breathe;" -igi' nominalizing suffix "the one that" (5.30.) 40 biki*' nu'cd "I followed them about": 6^-3 obj.- ke-' postposition "behind, following" (6.16, 7.79.); na-cd < Tta-about-^^i-cont.-c-l subj.-ya(A) pres. stem of -gd'l "one person goes" (8.96, 10.92, 12.46.) 41 'akd'n dabizisigv "those that were flour sacks": 'aUd'n "flour;" da6i-P3 poss. (6.16.); -zis "sack;" -igi' nominalizing suffix "the one that" (5.30.) 42 td' ^dxo'dza-gi "just wherever it happened to be": ta- "just;" ^dxo'dza' see note 21 ; -gi postposition "in place" (7.66.) 43 'ada-Z^a'gro \ they being made" : 'dda-- < 'a-thus-da-pl.-yi-prog.- ANALYZED TEXT 387 Sc-it-was nevertheless I-went-herding.^^ My-mother* deceased^ her-pats^® just-being^' possessed-by-her^^ she-died' surely. So thesethat-were-still-alive^^ I-went-about-after.*** My shoes even withoit sheep I-foUowed-about.*** My-clothes even those-that-were- flour-sacks^^ just whatever-happened-to-be^^ being-made*^ being- ragged** flapping-about-on-me*^ I-went-herding.^^ My-hair even awful burrs sticking-up-on-it** I-went-about.*® Lice even now killed-me,*' It-being-so absolutely ever3rthing on-account-of-it I-suffering*^ days-passed-me.*^ So nevertheless it-was-so even my- stock there-was.^** m'-compl. (10.90c.); -l-ya- pf . stem of -l-nH "do, make*' (12.47.); -go subordinating enclitic (7.69.) 44 ndasu'zto'dgo '"they being ragged": n-da-xa'z- < na-8bbout-da- pl.-a:;o-place-si-pf.-m-compL(10.116.); -fo'd pf. stem of -fol "fabric wears out, disintegrates;" -go subordinating enclitic (7,69.) 45 cilci dahnda-fa^go "flapping about me": ci-1 obj.-Afi postposition "on" (616, 7.84.); dahnda'- < dah-on-na-about-da-'ph-yi-oont.-yi- rep.asp. (10,84a.); -td' mom. stem of -tat "one obj. slips over another'* 46 bil Uida*z'd'go "being on it": 6i-3 obj.-i "with (accompanying)" (6.16, 7,103.); Uida^z- < K-on-7m-up-rfa-unfortunately-5i-pf.-m- compl. (10.85b.); -'a* < -'d before -go absolute stem "project, stand up" (3.35.); -go subordinating enclitic (7.69.) 47 cidan^vlxi'go "they (lice) kiUed me": cidanr- < ci-l obj.-da-pL- 'a-theme-m-5i-harm-2/i-cess. (6.20, 10.98e.); -t-a^'- < -l-xf "cause killing one;" -go subordinating enclitic (7.69.) 18 biUe- ti'xo'cnrhgo "I suffering on account of these things": M-3 obj.-AJe- postposition "on account of" (6.16, 7.82.); ti'xo^c- < ii-suffering-'a-theme-rco-things-i/t-cont.-^i-rep.asp.-c-l subj. (I0.116k.); -ni'h < -nrh before -go pres, stem of -nih (-nih) "hurt, suffer;" -go subordinating enclitic (7.69.) 49 crnilh^ "I spent my days": cvni- < ci-l obj.-«/i-prog.-yi-rep. asp.-n^-compL; -t-k^ pf. stem of -l-kd'l "night passes" (cp. notes 32, 55) 50 cilf'' xglg "there was my stock, I had my stock": ci-l poss.- -Z/*' *'p6t, stock, domesticated animal" (6.16.); xglg "there were" (12.51, and cp. notes 13, 37.) 26 Aelohard 388 NAVAHO GRAMMAR lah xa^dfS'goci'^^ 'asesi'hgo^ cifn4 cilci 'o'sxaldo'^ fa* do' caHltaod^ na'ki da-tii yiskq,^^ niwohdjV^^ da'tii ta- do- ^acdm^'^ (6* ttizibike** tddicd'h,^^ tiiziydji^^ ta' to' bd nd'i'stso'go^^ 'ei ta' 'dlahdjV ciki'' tddiyd'hdo'^^ tie-go^^ fd' citah nti'h.^^ 'ei ^ahbinigo^^ bd nd'^i'de'stsol^^ nsingo^^ tlo-go*^'^ dahdi'ltf'^ nie-' ta^'d-dji'^^ bil na'^adrlxa'P^ Id. 51 xa'dfe-gici' "rtomething or other": o^a-interrogative '*what;" 'dte > 'dte' before -gi "it is thus;" -gi may be the nominalizing suffix (shortened -r) with -gr-glide consonant (3.35, 3.39.), or it may be the postposition -gi ''place;" -cf' interrogative "probably" (11.98a.) 52 'asesvhgo "when I had done something wrong": We- < 'a-i obj.-5i-pf.-c-l subj.-m-compl. (10.117.); -srh pf. stem of -8ih "make a mistake, do wrong;" -go subordinating enclitic (7.69.) 53 ciki*0'sza'ld6* "she clubbed me and"; ciA obj.-Si postposition "on" (6.16, 7.84.); V«- < 'a-beyond-.n-un-5i-pf.-m-compl. (10.76q.); -l-xa'l pf. stem of -t-xal "move clublike obj.;" -do' "also, and" (7.46, 12.44.) 54 ta- do' caHltsodi "she gave me nothing to eat": td' do' ...-/ negative frame (11.72.); ca- < ca' < ci-l obj. -a* postposition "to, toward" (6.16, 7.18.); Y- < 'a-i obj.-m-start for (10,99.); -l-ts6d- < -l-ts6'd inc. stem of -l-tsol "provide food" (cp. notes 60, 65) 55 yiskd "day, night passed": yis- < i^/i-si-pf.-m-compl.-iE-caus. (10.1 17.); -I'kq pf. stem of -l-kd'l "night passes" (cp. notes 32, 49) 56 niwohdji^ "longer, to a point beyond": niiooh "beyond, farther;" -dji' postposition "to a point" (7.95.) 57 fd' do' 'acdni "I had not eaten"; ta' do' . . .-% negative frame (11.72.); 'acdm< 'a-i obj.-c-l subj.-y^ (> ydn before i) pres. stem of -y/-^ "eat (gen.)" (8.97.) 58 bike-' tddicd'h "behind them I cust. went amongst": bi-Z obj.- ke*' postposition "following" (6.16, 7.19.); tddicd'h < fa-among- 7ia-cust.-d^-sta^t from-(m-)-c-l subj.-ya*A cust. stem of -gd'l "one person goes" (10.94a, cp. note 61) 59 tUziydji "kid": tUzi "goat;" -ydji "small, young" 60 bd nd'i'stso'go "which I had rep. fed": bd < 6i-3 obj. -a post- position "for benefit of" (6.16, 7.20.); nd'i'S- < w-cust.-'a-i obj.-^i- cont.-i/i-rep.asp.-c-l subj. (> s before tsyi-tso' cust. stem of -l-isol ANALYZED TEXT 2 Once something-or-other^^ when-I-had-done-wrong^^ my-mother beat-me-and^ she-did-not-give-me-something-to-eat^ two days^^ perhaps, longer''® perhaps I-did-not-eat^' only goats after-them I-wandered.^^ Goat-smalP^ one merely I-having-fed-it.^^ This-one always after-me-went-about-and®^ being-night^^ j^g^ my-arms it- lay.®^ That morning®^ for-it I-again-will-provide-something-to-eat®^ I-wanting^® outside-toward®' I-start-carrying-it^® past. Right-there®^ ^'provide food" (10.105b, 10.106b, cp. notes 54, 65, 78); -go sub- ordinating enclitic (7.69.) 61 cike-' tddiyd'h *'it follows me about": ci-l obj.-M*' postposition "following" (6.16, 7.79.); tddi- < to-among-mi-cust.-eZt-start from- (nd-) (8.96, 10.94a, 12.46, cp. note 58) 62 tie-'go "at night, when it was night" : tie-' "night" > tie- before -go subordinating enclitic (7.69.) 63 (d' citah nU'h "absolutely in my protection it lay": fd- "ab- solutely;" ci-\ poss. (6.16.); -(ah "fold," here "arm curve;" n-te-h < ni-umAe'h mom. stem of -ttl "one animate obj. lies" (10.98a, 12.30.) 64 'ahbinigo "it being morning": 'ahbini "morning;" -go subor- dinating enclitic (7.69.) 65 bd nd'H'de'stsol "something for it to eat again" : bd < 6^-3 obj. ; -d postposition "for the benefit of" (6.16, 7.20.); nd-'vde'stsol < nd- again-'a-i obj.-^/t-cess.-di-fut.-i/i-prog.-c-l subj. (> s before ts)-l- tsol fut. stem "provide food" (10.87, cp. notes 54, 60, 78). Hence, "I will get food for it again (as usual)". 66 nsingo "I wanting": nsin < m-abs.-c-l subj.-zm abs. stem "want;" -go subordinating enclitic (7.69, 10.97.) 67 tio-go* "toward outside" : ti&' "outside;" -go* postposition "to- ward" (7.75.) 68 dahdvltj' "I started carrying it": dah-dr- < dah-iorth.-di-Bta>Tt from-c-1 subj.; yi-ce^s, (10.88e, 10.105c.); -l-ti (> -l-t}' before nfe*') pf. stem of -l-te^l "move animate obj." (12.30, cp. note 63) 69 fd' 'd*dji' "in that direction": fd' "absolutely;" 'a-there, dem- onstrative bound form > 'a*- before -dji' postposition "to a point, in the direction of" (7.1, 7.95.) 70 bil 7Ui''adi'lxa'l "with it (in my arms) I fell": 6i-3 oh] A post- 26* NAVAHO GEAMMAR xombcfrhdjV^^ ditcincf' biHe* nd'H^oJ'^ ycba' wi^wq/ teiyd ^ayd naxalingo da'dq.-'^^ nU^\ 'dko 'ei toctcvn xaninigv'^^ la' ca'ddadji'la-- go^^ ' ' f/icdl^'^go^^ Hnda hikvn tdiniyd'do''^^ 'a'vltso'dP^ position "with (accompanying)" (6.16, 7.103.); na' '^tipping over;" 'ad^'-<*a-beyond-(ii-startfrom-2/f-prog.-c-lsubj.-m-compl.(10.88b.); -I'Xa'l pf. stem of -l-xal ''stick falls" (12.44.) 71 xonihq^hdjV "near the fireplace" : a;o-place-wi-uni.-6^*^ "border" (or poT-haps xoni- > kg' < kxon-) ; -djV postposition "in the direction of, at a point" (7.95.) 72 liVe: na'H-go^ "because of it (hunger) I collapsed": bi-S obj.-^c postposition "on account of" (6.16, 7.82.); na' "tipping;" '^•- < 'a- beyond-yi-prog.-c-l subj.-w*-compl. (10.76c, 10.104.); -go' pf. of -goh "person falls" (12.44.) 73 'ayd naxalingo da'dq' "being the main thing was eaten by them" : 'ayd "main, favorite;" naxalin "resemble, seem" (see note 22); -go subordinating enclitic (7.69.); da'dq.' < da-'pl.-yi-cont.-dd (> -dq' before nfe*') pres. stem of -df't "be eaten" (10.84a.) 74 t6ctci*n xan'inigi' "gruel which had milk (in it)": toctcvn "thin gruel;" xa- < xo-place-^/t-cont.; -nYpres. stem of -ni "be milked;" An Orphan's Story My Childhood When I was still small my mother died they say. I do not re- member seeing her. I was probably only a baby when my mother died. Only my father and my maternal grandmother were left. I do not know how I managed to grow up after my mother died. From the time I remember anything at all I recall almost nothing except being absolutely pitiful. Things happened that were in- credible. As far back as I can remember I was pushed about in places corresponding to the ashes. From that time on I was mis- treated in every way that could possibly be imagined, and with any object that might possibly come to hand. Just any old place, for example at the doorway, huddling face down, I used to spend the night. No bedding was even provided for me. ANALYZED TEXT 391 with-it I-felF** to-be-sure. Fireplace-at'^ hunger-probably on- account-of-it I-collapsed.'^^ At-that-time corn only being-like-the- main-(food)-is-eaten-by-them'^^ past. So this gruel which-had-been- milked"^^ some f or-me it-had-been-made-thus^^ this after-I-drank-it'* then sustained I-went-out-and'' I-fed-it.'^^ probably -ni since it becomes -nin with -igr nominalizing suffix ''the one that" (3.49, 3.50, 5.30, 10.116c.) 75 cd 'ddadjvla-go ''having been made by them(4) for me'*: cd < ci-l poss.-a postposition "for benefit of" (6.16, 7.20.); 'ddadjr- < 'd-thus-da'f)L-dji-4: a,g,-yi-pTog,-yi-ce&B. (10.105c.); -Za* pf. stem of 4e'l (-Ivl) "make" (12.47.) 76 yicdlq-go "I having drunk it"; yic- < j/i-prog.-n/-compl,-c-l ag. (10.104.); -dlq^-' pf. stem of -dU'l "drink;" -go subordinating enclitic (7.69.) 77 tdiniyd'do- "I went out and": tdini- < ^{f/-out-m-start for-7i*- compl. (10.99a.); -yd pf. stem of -gd'l "one person goes;" -do* enclitic "and" (7.84, 12.46.) 78 'aH'ltso'd "I fed it" : 'a- < 'a* < 'a-i obj.-a* postposition "to, for" (6.16, 7.18.); 'r- < 'a-i obj.-«/^-prog.-2/^-cess.; -l-tso'd pf. stem of •I'tsol "provide food" (10.105c, cp. notes 54, 60, 65) "I gave some food to someone" Even so I nevertheless went herding. My deceased mother left some goats when she died. I followed the survivors (goats) about. Without shoes I herded the sheep. Even my clothes were of flour sacks just as they happened to be, with these rags flapping about on me, I herded sheep. My hair besides was filthy with burrs, and I was eaten (killed) with lice. So it was that I spent my days suffering everything imaginable, but even at that I had my stock. Once when I had done something or other wrong my mother (grandmother) beat me and did not give me anything to eat for perhaps two days, maybe it was longer that I went herding the goats without food. One was a kid that I alone fed. This one always followed me about and at night lay cuddled in my arms. That morning as I started outside with it to look for something with which to feed it, I fell right there with it in my arms. I collapsed near the fireplace because of hunger. At that time corn was the main staple. So some thin gruel mixed with milk was made for me. After I had drunk this I was strong enough to go out and feed it. ALL BIGHTS RESERVED by Gladys A. Rbiohard PUB LICATIONS OF THE AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY Edited by Marian W. Smith Ci^-^ (^M XXI GLADYS A. REIOHARD NAVAHO GRAMMAR PBIKTKD nr OXkXAVT AT J,J. AUOTTSTIK, GLUCKSTADT J.J. AUGUSTIN PUBLISHER NEW YORK