1903-05
| 1 a ll « i ‘i As ay 399} ae pe NRE Te . * GBs core mb (9! NY RoW Gibson: invited e. Lx GG em rrrecrveccmmes’ WIENS str aes SES 7 4
BuLetin OF
Tue New York Botanica, GARDEN
VoLuME III, 1903-1905
BULLETIN
The New York Botanical Garden
VoLuME III
WITH 37 PLATES
1903-1905
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 41 NortH Quenn Street, Lancaster, Pa. sy THz New Era PrIntTInNG CoMPaANny
Prees oF ‘THe NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, Pa,
OFFIOBRS, 1905. PRESIDENT—D, O. MILLS, VICE-PRESIDENT--ANDREW CARNEGIE, TREASURER—CHARLES F. COX SECRETARY—N, L, BRITTON.
BoaRD oP MANAGERS. 1, ELECTED MANAGERS.
jee tree BROWN, - PIERPONT MORGAN, DREW CARNEGIE, EORGE W. PERKINS, - BAYARD aie Pere A. a aaa ROBERT W. bE FOREST, |. L SLO JOHN I. KANE, . GILMAN one D. O. MILLS, ie. THORNE
2, EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS. THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PaRKS, HON. JOHN J. PALLAS THE Mayor OF THE City oF NEw York, HON. GEORGE B. McCLELLAN.
8. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS ROF, L. M. UNDERWOOD, Chairman, DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, PROF. J. F. KEMP, PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, PROF. FREDERIC LEE, ete F. on PROF. H. H. RU HON. HENRY N. TIFFT.
GARDEN STAPE.
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Devector-in- Chief. DR. D. T. MACDOUGAL, Assistant Director. DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Curator of the Museums. . A. RYDBERG, Assistant Curator.
DR. THUR HOLLICK, Assistant Curator DR, ae LL A, HOWE, <Asséstant Curator.
DR. W. A. MURRILL, anes GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener. ANNA MURRAY VAIL, Psi DR. H. H. RUSBY, Curator of the Peemenne Collections. DR. WM
J Engineer. WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant. DR. ae HENDLEY BARNHART, LZditorial Assistant.
JOHN A. SHAFER, Museum Custodian,
M@embers of the Corporation,
Pror, N. L. Britton, Hon. ADDISON Brown, Wa. L. Brown, ANDREW CARNEGIE, Pror, Cuas, F, CHANDLER, Wo. G, CHOATE,
Hon, EDwARD Cooper, Cuas. F. Cox,
JoHN J. CROOKE,
W, BAYARD CUTTING, Ropert W. DE FOREST, Henry W. de Forest, CLEVELAND H. DopcE, SAMUEL W. FAIRCHILD, Gen. Louis FITZGERALD, RICHARD W. GILDER, Hon. THomas F. GILRoy, Hon. Hucu J. GRANT, HENRY GRAVES,
Henry P. Hoyt, ADRIAN ISELIN, JR., Morris K. Jxsur,
Joun I. KANE,
EuGENneE KELLY, Jr., Pror. JAMEs F, Kemp, Joun S. KENNEDY, Pror, FREDERIC S, L&E,
Hon, SetH Low,
Davip Lypie,
Epcar L. MARSTON,
D, O. MILts,
J. PrerPont MorGAN, THEO. W. Myers,
Gro. M. OLcort,
Pror. HENRY F. Osgzorn, LowEL_ M. PALMER, GEORGE W. PERKINS, JAMES R. PITCHER,
Rr. Rev. Henry C. Potrer, Percy R. Pyne,
Joun D. ROCKEFELLER, Wm. ROCKEFELLER, Pror. H. H. Russy, JAmes A. SCRYMSER, HEnry A. SIEBRECHT, SAMUEL SLOAN,
Wo. D. SLOANE,
NELSON SMITH,
JAMES SPEYER,
Dr. W. GILMAN THOMPSON, Louis C, TiFFany,
Hon. Henry N. TiFFt, SAMUEL THORNE,
Pror. L. M. UNDERWoop, Gro. W. VANDERBILT, WILLIAM H. S. Woop.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No. 9. NOVEMBER li, 19083
BoTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS :
New or Noteworthy North American Crassulaceae. By N.L. Britton and J. N. Rose. nites September 12, 1903.]
The Flora of the Matawan Formation (Crosswicks Clays). By Epwarp W. Berry. (With plates 43-57). [fssued separately, September 12, 1903. ]
Bolivian Mosses, Part I. By R.S. Wittiams. [Jssued separately, October 19, 1903.|
The Dimensional Relations of the Members of Compound Leaves. By CHARLES ZELENY. (With 13 figures). [Lssued separately, October 23, 1903.] .
No 10. MARCH 22,1904
Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the Year 1903 Report of the Curator of the Museums and Herbarium Report of the Curator of the Economic Collections Report of the Director of the Laboratories Report of the Librarian Report of the Head Gardener Report of the Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds . Schedule of Expenditures During 1903 .
Report of the Scientific Directors
Report of the Committee on Patrons, Fellows and Members
Report of the Treasurer .
PAGE
viii
No. 11. APRIL 14, 1905
BoTanicAL CONTRIBUTIONS :
Index
Mycological Studies, II. By F. S. Eartx. [/ssued separately, June 30, 1904. | . : :
The Comparative Embryology of the Cucurbitaceae. By Joszru Epwarp Kirkwoop. (With plates 58-69 and 6 figures). [Jssued separately, October 7, 1904.] .
Additions to the Palaeobotany of the Cretaceous Forma- tion on Long Island, No. II. By Artruur Ho tick. (With plates 70-79). ai separately, Decem- ber 10, 7904. |
Additions to the Flora of Subtropical Florida. By Joun K. SmMatyi. (With 1 figure). [fssued separately, january 27, 1905.|
Contributions to the Flora of the Bahama Islands, I. By N.L. Brirron. [Jssued separately, February 7, 1905.
PAGE
289
455
VOL. 3 No. 9
BULLETIN
OF
THE NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN
[ISSUED NOVEMBER 11, 1908]
CONTENTS
BoranicAL CONTRIBUTIONS: New or Noteworthy North American Crassulaceae, by L. Brirron and J. N. Rosz. [Issued 12
S 1903.] . . . : : : : :
The Flora of the Matawan Formation (Crosswicks Clays), by Epwarp W. Berry (with Plates 43 to 57). [Issued 128 ae : ‘
Bolivian Mosses, Part I, by R. S. Voie. [Is- sued 19 O 1903]
The Dimensional Relations of the heuer of Cone pound Leaves, by CHarLEsS ZELENY (with 13 figures). [Issued 23 O 1903] .
Each paper was issued separately, in advance, on the indicated.
BULLETIN
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Vol. 3
No. 9.
BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. New or Noteworthy North American Crassulaceae. By N. L. BRITTON AND J. N. ROSE.
TILLAEASTRUM Britton. Bulliarda DC. Bull. Soc. Philom. 3%: 1. 1801. Not Neck. 1790. Type species, 77//aea aguatica L.
1. TILLAEASTRUM AQUATICUM (L.) Britton.
Tillaea aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 128. 1753.
Tillaea simplex Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. r: 114. 1817.
Bulliarda aquatica DC. Prod. 3: 382. 1828.
Tillaea angustifolia Nutt.; T. & G. FIN. Am. 1: 558. 1840.
Tillaea leas Bolanderi S. Wats. in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 209. 1876.
Tillaea Bolandert Greene, F). Fran. 183. 1891.
Crassula aguatica Schoen). in E. & P. Nat. PA. 3%: 37. S91. 1891.
In mud, Nova Scotia to Maryland, Louisiana and Texas, Wash- ington to Lower California and Colorado. Europe to northern Africa.
2. TILLAEASTRUM VIRIDE (S. Wats.) Britton.
Tillaea viridis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 272. 1888.
Chihuahua. San Luis Potosi.
3. Tirrazastrum Drummonpu (T. & G.) Britton.
Tillaea Drummondii T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 558. 1840.
Muddy places, Louisiana to San Luis Potosi, California and
Washington.
C1)
(2)
4. Tillaeastrum Pringlei Rose,* sp. nov. meat little plants growing in masses in damp mountain soil, 2-3 cm. high; leaves linear, 3-4 mm. long, acute; flowers axillary, solitary on very short peduncles, mm. or less long, in fruit be- coming 3 mm. long; carpels eee seeds oblong, not papillose.
Collected by C. G. Pringle, September, 1896, Serrania de Ajusco, Federal District, Mexico (no. 6517).
5. TILLAEASTRUM VAILLANTI (Willd.) Britton. Tillaea Vaillantd?d Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 720. 1798. Bulliarda Vatllantii DC. Pl. Grasses, A/. 74. 1799. Crassula Vaillanti?d Schoenl. in E. & P. Nat. Pal. 3%: 37. 1891. Prince Edward Island. Europe and northern Africa.
OLIVERELLA Rose, gen. nov.
Caulescent and much branched perennial; leaves flat but fleshy.
Flowers usually solitary (sometimes in pairs), terminating leafy branches. Calyx-lobes unequal, linear, spreading. Corolla very large ickish. Stamens
1o. Carpels 5, free, rather short, terminated by long slender styles. Named for Mr. George W. Oliver, for many years connected with the National Botanic Garden at Washington but now employed as an expert in the Department of Agriculture. It was due to Mr. Oliver that we were able to flower this beautiful plant, as well as many more of the species described below, and it gives me great pleasure to name for him this, the most remarkable of all the Crassulaceae of America. Oliverella elegans Rose, sp. nov. Porag esse 3-5 dm. high, branching throughout, densely pubes- ; leaves closely set near the ends of young branches, gradually falling away below, oblanceolate to spatulate, thick, but flattened except at base, acute, pubescent, 2-3 cm. long; flowering branch
Found 4 in cultivation at Amacamaca, near were of Mexico, by J. N. Rose, August, 1901 (no. 6073), and flowered in succulent house, Department of Agriculture, in June, 1902 and July, 1903.
* These descriptions of new species by Dr. Rose are published with the permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. All his types unless otherwise stated are in the National Herbarium.
(3)
CLEMENTSIA Rose, gen. nov.
Perennial herb with a thick elongated root, and usually with several stems from the base. Stem-leaves numerous. Flowers in a more or less elongated dense spike or raceme. Calyx-segments linear to linear-lanceolate. Petals distinct, rose-colored. Stamens 10, 5 alternating with the petals and distinct, 5 opposite the petals and each adnate to its corresponding petal near the middle. Scales 5, prominent, flat, obtuse. Carpels 5, erect.
Named in honor of Professor Frederic E. Clements of the University of Nebraska, who has prosecuted extensive investiga- tions on the plants of Colors
Type species, Sedum lean A. Gray.
CLEMENTSIA RHODANTHA (A. Gray) Rose. Sedum rhodanthum A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 33: 405. 1862. In meadows and along streams in the Rocky Mountains, Arizona and Utah to Montana.
VILLADIA Rose, gen. nov.
Perennial by fleshy or somewhat tuberous roots; caulescent. Leaves terete and farsa. Inflorescence an equilateral raceme or spike or a very compact panicle. Flowers small. Calyx-lobes 5, nearly equal. Corolla not 5-angled. Petals thin, either distinct or slightly united. Stamens ro; anthers broad and short. Scales conspicuous, thin. Carpels erect
Named for Dr. Manuel M. Villada, one of the prominent scien- tific men of Mexico, who has for many years been editor of La Naturaleza.
Type species, Cotyledon parviflora Hemsl.
1. Vittapia TExana (J. G. Smith) Rose. Sedum Texanum J.G. Smith, Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 6: 114. pl. 50. 1895. Eastern Texas. 2. Villadia imbricata Rose, sp. nov.
Caespitose; sterile branches thickly . with small ovate imbri- cated leaves; flowering branches 2-6 cm. long, thickly set with i r
nute tubercles; inflorescence a very short compact leafy spike; sepals distinct, leaf-like, shorter than the corolla; corolla ‘* white,”
(4) 4-5 mm. long, its lobes erect, united for about a third their length
at base. Collected by E. W. Nelson near Reyes, Oaxaca, October 20, 1894 (no. 1767). 3. Villadia cucullata Rose, sp. nov. Perennial by rather fleshy roots; stems 1-1.5 dm . high, simple,
green, 2 mm. long, distinct; corolla reddish, 3 mm. ee ng its tube 1 mm. long, its lobes hooded, denticulate on the ma Collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Saltillo, Coahuile, Mexico, June, oe Sa 374). Only a single specimen was seen, growing under bush 4. Villadia Nelsoni aes sp. nov.
Caulescent, 2-3 dm. high, more s branched throughout, somewhat roug cen “leaves aia rae (at least in dried specimens), 1-1.5 cm. long; inflorescence spicate; flowers sessile ;
sepals ovate, 2 mm. long; corolla ‘* white,” 5-6 mm. long; carpels long-attenuate.
Collected by E. W. Nelson on road between Ayusinapa and Pe- tatlan, Guerrero, alt. 1500 to 2100 meters, December 14, 1894 (no, 2114).
5. Villadia Pringlei Rose, sp. nov. Perennial by fleshy roots, much branched at base; stems 5-15 - hi reen; stem-leaves linear in outline, 1-1.5 cm. long; inflorescence sometimes 10 cm. long, either spicate, or a compact panicle; sepals somewhat pease distinct, the longer ones 5 mm. long ; corolla white e(?), 6 ong.
Collected by C. G. Pringle | in meager soil of dry ledges in the
Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, Mexico, October 17, 1887 (no. 1238).
6. Villadia minutiflora Rose, sp. nov.
Perennial, with a woody or frutescent base sending up from be- low numerous simple ascending or erect branches 1-2 dm. tall,
terminating in an open spike or raceme or a ow compac panicle; leaves ver merous, ascending, linear in outline, per- haps turgid and terete in fresh specim 6-10 mm. long, about
cent with short stiff hairs; flowers sessile or subsessile, either soli- tary and axillary or borne in short one-sided spikes; sepals some- what unequal, 1-2 mm. long, distinct; petals white, 3 mm. long, united at base; stamens shorter than the petals, borne on the co- rolla-tube; appendages rounded at apex, produced below into a
(5) slender stalk; carpels erect, short; styles short, spreading or even hooked.
Collected by C. G. Pringle on cold ledges of Sierra de San Felipe, altitude 2,550 meters, October 13, 1894 (no. 4981).
7. Villadia ramosissima Rose, sp. nov. by and much branched at base; branches reddish, gla- brous, at frst erect, but in age spreading over other plants; leaves rigid, set nearly at right angles to the stems, turgid and nearly terete in section, ovate to oblong, glabrous; sterile branches short
mm, long; co ee specimens), its tube short, but very distinct, the lobes cute, 4 mm. long; stamens i orne on the corolla-tube, much an than the petals; anthers purplish; appendages conspicuous, yellow, 1 mm. broad; carpels erect (at least when young), distinct. Common on the limestone hills near Tehuacan, Puebla. De- scribed from living specimens, collected by J. N. Rose, 1901, which flowered in Washington in 1902 (no. 641 Pringle’s no. 6052 from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca, and Lu- cius C. Smith’s no. 965 from La Solidad de Etla, Oaxaca, are, perhaps, to be referred to this species, although the petals seem to be distinctly reddish.
8. VILLADIA SQUAMULOSA (S. Wats.) Rose.
Cotyledon a sguamulosa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 473. 1887.
Sedum squamulosum S. Wats. 7. c. Northern Mexico. Very rare, or at least little known.
9g. VILLADIA PARVIFLORA (Hemsl.) Rose. Cotyledon parvifiora Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Nov. 1: 9. 1878. High valleys of Central Mexico.
ECHEVERIA DC. Prod. 3: 4o1. 1828. Type species, Cotyledon coccinea Cav.
Echeveria pulvinata Rose, sp. nov.
Caulescent, 12 cm. high, naked below, somewhat branching; young branches, leaves and sepals covered with a dense white velvety pubescence; leaves clustered in a rosette at the top, obovate, hs to a narrow base, 2.5~3 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, founded ata
(6)
- ee 5-6 mm. thick; flowers in a leafy raceme; pedicels mm. long, br: acteolate ; sepals ovate, acute, unequal, the ioneest about half the length of the corolla; corolla scarlet, sharply 5-angled, 18-20 mm. long, pubescent without, the lobes apiculate. Living specimens were collected by J. N. Rose and Walter Hough in Tomellin Cafion, Oaxaca, June 15, 1899, and flowered in the Washington Botanic Garden in April, 1900 (no. 4994, type). Herbarium specimens had previously been collected near the same locality by Mr. Pringle (no. 5641) and by Prof. C. Conzatti on Sierra de San Felipe (no. 107). This is a very singular species, with thick velvety leaves and bright scarlet flowers.
EcHEVERIA PriIncLEI (S. Wats.) Rose.
Cotyledon Pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 148. 1890. Only known from type specimens collected by C. G. Pringle near Guadalajara, Mexico.
Echeveria montana Rose, sp. nov.
Caulescent; leaves in a dense rosette at the top of the stem, orbi- cular or obovate, somewhat narrowed below, glabrous, 5-6 cm. long; flowering stems somewhat granular-roughened above, rather densely leafy-bracted below, 2-3 dm. long, many-flowered ; inflores- cence an equilateral raceme; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long ; corolla 1 cm. lon
Collected on ledges, trees, etc., by C. G. Pringle on the Sierra de San Felipe, June 16, 1894 (no. 4.706, type). Here seems to be- long Charles L. Smith’s no. 860 from the same locality. Resem- bling somewhat &. Pringlez, but not pubescent.
Echeveria australis Rose, sp. nov.
Caulescent, 2-3 dm. long, or 5-6 dm. including the inflorescence, glaucous; leaves é broadly aoe rounded at apex, 3-7 cm sometimes 3 cm. broad and spoon-shaped, somnew nat glaucous and
long, or less, slender; flower-buds strongly 5-angled, acute; sepals unequal, the longer ones 12 mm. long, ovate-oblong, purplish, glaucous, nearly or quite free to the base; petals bright red, thick- ish, a little longer than the longest sepals, nearly distinct, cup- shaped at base; stamens 10, the 5 opposite ae sepals borne on petals about one fourth the distance above the base.
(7)
Distributed by J. Donnell Smith as Sedum bicolor (no. 3633) and Cotyledon Peruviana (no. 7308), from both of which it seems to differ. HH. Pittier has also sent abundant living material from San José, Costa Rica (December, 1902) from which the above description is drawn and which is taken as the type of the species.
Echeveria maculata Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent, glabrous throughout; basal leaves ina dense rosette, elongated-lanceolate, thickish, about 1 dm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad,
free nearly to the base, acute at tip and slightly spreading. Collected by J. N. Rose near Dublan, Hidalgo, Mexico, July 2, Ig0I (no. 5412), and sent to Washington where it has repeatedly flowered. This species is somewhat similar to &. mucronata, but is cer- tainly distinct.
Echeveria platyphylla Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent, glabrous throughout; basal leaves in a dense rosette, somewhat rhomboid in outline, thinnish, pale green, acuminate, tipped with a slender cusp, 4-5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad; flowering branch 2-3 dm. long, bearing small scattered leaves be- low; flowers 15 to 20, arranged i in an equilateral raceme; pedicels
less; sepals green, thickish, linear, erect, subequal ; corolla reddish yellow, lobes 9 mm. long, tips spreading even in age, tube very short, 1-2 mm. long.
Collected living by J. N. Rose, Valley of Mexico, July, 1901 (no. 6393). The specimens have frequently flowered in cultiva- tion at Washington. This species must be close to &. mucronata, but has very different foliage. The above description is drawn entirely from living plants. The Department of Agriculture has many seedlings for distribution.
Echeveria tenuis Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent, glabrous throughout; leaves fleshy, numerous, forming a flattened rosette, oblong, 4-5 cm. long, much narrowed at base, acute; flowering branches slender, at first nodding or scor- pioid, their leaves linear or at least narrow, with a small rounded spur at base; flowers sessile or nearly so; sepals very unequal,
(8)
broadly ovate to linear; corolla 9 mm. long, the segments in dry specimens keeled o n the back, with scarious margins, not connivent in age, united for heat one fourth their length.
Collected by J. N. Rose among rocks on top of mountains near Monte Escobedo, Zacatecas, Mexico, August 26, 1897 (no. 26404). This species resembles &. Desmetiana in its sessile flowers, but the leaves are of different shape, and the bracts are not two-spurred at base.
Echeveria humilis Rose, sp. nov. Acaulescent, or with a short woody caudex, glabrous through-
Q i} Load 7) — — &
lanceolate, very unequal, the longer 4-5 mm. long, acute; 8-9 mm. long, its segments united for about one fourth their length.
Collected by Parry and Palmer, State of San Luis Potosi, 1878 (no. 233 in part, type), and in the same state by J. G. Schaffner, 1879 (no. 769).
Echeveria obtusifolia Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent or perhaps sometimes shortly caulescent, i Sade throughout; leaves forming a spre ading rosette 2 dm. » ob- lanceolate, rounde d at apex, 3.5 cm. broad at widest ses ‘nar- rowed to 5 mm. at base, thinnish (at iG in herbarium specimens) ; ;: flowering branche es 2-3 dm. long (naked in herbarium specimens seen); inflorescence a one-sided (?) raceme, erect or at least be-
Ww
ing; sepals unequal, ovate; corolla reddish, 10-12 mm. lo ong, rather broad, not strongly angled (as far as indicated by dried specimens
Collected by C. G. Pringle on bluffs of mountain cafion near Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 3,150 meters, September 1 7, 1899 (no. 7734). This species seems very distinct from all others known to the writer. In foliage it suggests . mucronata, but the inflores- cence is secund, as in the Z. glauca type.
Echeveria Be ie da Rose, sp. nov.
(9)
less united at base, very unequal, the longer ones 6-7 mm. long corolla reddish, short and broad, 8-9 mm. lon Collected by C. G. Pringle on calcareous hills near Tehuacan, Puebla, August, 1897 (no. 7499, type), and by Henry E. Seaton near Esperanza in the same state, August 4, 1891 (no. 333@). Very similar to &. g/auca in habit, but with different flowers.
Echeveria cuspidata Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; leaves in a dense rosette, sometimes a hundred or
ovate leaves free at base and acute at each end; inflorescence a simple secund raceme, at first strongly nodding, about 15-flowered ; buds arranged in two rows, obtusish; lower pedicels elongated, ro mm. long or less; sepals ease all. much shorter than the corolla, ovate, acute; corolla I . long, purplish with ees slightly spreading acute tips, ae ipbes united for about one fourth their length; stamens 10, all inserted on the corolla- ane the 5 opposite the sepals inserted at the top of the tube, the other 5 inserted a little lower down on the tube; carpels erect, free to the base
Common at Saltillo, Mexico. This description is Gian from specimens collected by Dr. E. Palmer in 1902, which flowered in Washington in February, 1903 (Rose, no. 509).
Echeveria minutiflora Rose, sp. nov.
Flowering stems glaucous, clothed with thick leaves. Basal leaves forming a rosette, 7-10 cm. long, oblong, obtuse, light green, glabrous, tapering at base into a short petiole; inflorescence composed of small cymes, single flowers and twinned flowers ar- ranged in a thick leafy spike; sepals longer than the corolla, some- what unequal; corolla-segments spreading, tas acute, separated nearly to the base, greenish yellow spotted with red.
Collected by C. G. Pringle near Tehuacan, Puebla, August 1, 1897 (no. 7500, type); by J. N. Rose and Walter Hough between Tepeaca and Santa Rosa, Puebla, June 27, 1899 (no. 4704); and perhaps also by E. W. Nelson at Huajuapam, Oaxaca, November 16, 1894 (no. 1980).
Habit and inflorescence of }/adia parviflora, but with larger flowers and acute corolla-lobes.
EcHEVERIA ScHarrnert (S. Wats.) Rose.
Cotyledon Schaffneri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 354. 1882. Collected by C. G. Pringle on alkaline plains, Hacienda de An
(10)
gostura, State of San Luis Potosi, June 27, 1891 (no. 3766), and distributed as C. Gray7, a very different plant.
EcHEVERIA SUBRIGIDA (Rob. & Sea.) Rose.
Cotyledon subrigida Rob. & Sea. Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 105. 1893.
Only known from Tultenango Cafion, State of Mexico, where it was first collected by Mr. Pringle in October, 1892 (no. 4326). It is a most beautiful species, worthy of general cultivation. A single specimen collected by Mr. Rose, now in the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden, is the only one in cultivation.
Echeveria Palmeri Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; leaves numerous, erect or aie spreading, pale green, at first somewhat glaucous, with reddish margins, rhomboid or SblAse colt, the largest ones 2 dm. es 1 dm. broad at widest
rose-colored above, bearing a few scattered oblong leaves 4—5 cm. long; inflorescence a rather compact panicle 1-2 dm. long, its branches somewhat glaucous, short, 3-4-flowered; pedicels stout, mm. long; calyx deeply 5-parted, its lobes very Paty. linear to narrowly ovate, acute, the longer ones ro mm. long; corolla- buds sharply 5-angled, acute, broadly ovate in ae somewhat glaucous ; in 2 cm. long, 12 mm. broad at base, reddish- yellow, deeply parted into 5 lobes, the tube ae only 3 mm ng, lobes oblong, thickish, somewhat spreading at tip but con- nivent in age, gibbous at base; stamens 10, all inserted at top of corolla-tube, those opposite the petals broad at base; appendages lunate, deep purple, depressed in the center; carpels erect, distinct or nearly so, tapering into the slender purple styles; ovules many. Described from living specimens sent by Dr. E. Palmer from the high mountains about Alvarez near the city of San Luis Potosi. One of the showiest of all the Echeverias. Perhaps nearest Z. subrigtda, but with different inflorescence and larger leaves.
COURANTIA Lem. Jard. Fleur. 1: Misc. 92. 1851.
Caulescent. Leaves alternate, closely set, flat and broad. In- florescence a dense spike; bracts brightly celored. Calyx-lobes equal (?), linear, brightly ae as long as the corolla. Corolla not 5-angled, yellow », 5-parte tamens 10, borne at base of the corolla ; filaments united into a a tube for half their length; scales none (?). Carpels widely spreading.
Type of genus, Acheveria rosea Lindl.
(31)
CouRANTIA ROSEA (Lindl.) Lem. Jard. Fleur. 3: 244. 1853.
Licheveria rosea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: p/. 22. 1842.
Cotyledon roseata Baker, in Saund. Refug. Bot. sub. AZ. 55, no. 3. 1869.
Courantia echeveriotdes Lem. Jard. Fleur. 1: Misc. 92. 1851.
Mexico.
PACHYPHYTUM Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Allgem. Gartenz. 9: 9. 1841.
Caulescent and more or less branched; leaves very thick, often terete. Flowers solitary or arranged in secun a deeply lobed, the lobes appressed to the corolla, ovate to oblong, equal or unequal, shorter or longer than the corolla. Corolla deeply
Stamens 10; the 5 alternating with the petals free from the corolla; the other 5 ‘borne on the petals, each with a pair of appendages at the base. Scales broad. Carpels 5, erect, free to the base; styles
ort.
Three species, all Mexican.
Type species, Pachyphytum bracteosum Link, Klotzsch & Otto.
Pachyphytum uniflorum Rose, sp. nov.
Perennial, caulescent, about 2 on high, either simple, or branched at base, usually erect and stout, woody below; eee closely set on upper parts of Spiers falling off below, very tur- gid, but slightly flattened, 3-5 cm. long, only slightly narrowed below, rounded at apex, not glaucous, but pale green except near the apex, or even reddish throughout; flower-stems slender, erect or nearly so, appearing from the axils of the uppermost leaves of the rosette, pinkish, not glaucous, naked below, but with about 9 small scattered leaves above, these about 1 cm. long, greenish or purplish, minutely auricled at base; calyx 5-lobed, 8 mm. long, its lobes ovate, pinkish or greenish, acute ; corolla 12 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, little or not at all angled in bud; petals spreading, free nearly or
appendages at its base; scales broad; carpels 5, erect, distinct. Plants purchased on the streets of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, by . Palmer in 1902 (type). They are said to have come from a mountain cafion in sight of the city. These plants are sold in San Luis Potosi and grown in shady courtyards.
URBINIA Rose, gen. nov.
Acaulescent; leaves closely imbricate, thick and rigid. Inflores- cence rather few-flowered, cymose. Calyx small, 5-lobed; lobes
(12)
ovate to lanceolate, equal or unequal, much shorter than the corolla. Corolla somewhat cone-shaped, the lobes united at base into a e. Stamens ro, borne on the corolla. rpels 5.
A very peculiar genus, quite distinct in its habit and calyx from Licheverta and well deserving to be separated. Named for Dr. Manuel Urbina, Acting Director of the National Museum of Mexico.
Type species, Echeveria agavoides Lem.
1. UrpBinia AGAVoIDES (Lem.) Rose. Licheveria agavotdes Lem. Ill. Hort. 10: Misc. 1. 78. 1863. Cotyledon agavotdes Baker, in Saund. Refug. Bot. 1: pd. 67. 1869. Licheveria yuccoides E. Morren, Belg. Hort. 24: 168. 1874. Mexico. 2. Urpinta Corperoyi (Baker) Rose. Etcheveria Corderoyt E. Morren, Belg. Hort. 24: 159. 1874. Cotyledon Corderoy? Baker, Gard. Chron. 1: 599. 1844. Very near £. agavotdes but described as having more leaves and flowers. Northern Mexico.
3- Urbinia obscura Rose, sp. nov. Leaves ovate, 8-g cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad at base, thick but
cence a 2-branched cyme; flowers about 10; calyx small, with very unequal lanceolate teeth; corolla 12 mm. long, bright rose colored below, but the slightly spreading lobes yellow.
Described from a plant in collections of the New York Botanical Garden, received from Mr. W. B. Kunhardt; a flowering speci- men taken from this plant is in the National Herbarium.
DUDLEYA Britton & Rose, gen. nov.
Ss as many as the calyx-lobes, distinct. Carpels erect, many-seeded.
(13)
Named in honor of Professor William R. Dudley, of Stanford University. Type species, Lcheverta lanceolata Nutt.
1. DupLeya Russyi (Greene) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon Rusby¢ Greene, Bull. Torrey Club, 10: 125. 1883. robably perennial, acaulescent ; leave es in dense rosettes, rhom-
fo) calyx-lobes somewhat unequal, ovate, obtuse or acute; corolla deep red or ‘‘ coral red,” 10 mm. long, the lobes acuminate, the tube longer than the calyx.
The only definite locality given is the San Francisco Mountains in southern Arizona, although it has been collected also by Lem- mon somewhere in Arizona, station not stated.
2. Dudleya albiflora Rose, sp. nov.
ten by a multicipital caudex 2-3 dm. in diameter and
aa cm. broad, strap-shaped to lanceolate, 4-5 cm. long, becom- ing purplish, not eo penou thick and fleshy but Ucineily tenes. acute ; corolla
Living specimens sent by T. S. Brandegee, collected at Magda- lena Bay, Lower California, in the fall of 1902
3. DuDLEYA PULVERULENTA (Nutt.) Britton & Rose. Echeveria pulverulenta Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 560.
1840. VC Riana Baker, in Saund. Refug. Bot. 1: f/. 66. 1869. PEcheveria argentea Lem. Il]. Hort. 10: 78. 1863. Southern California.
4. Dudleya Anthonyi Rose, sp. nov. Resembling D. pulverulenta, but basal leaves more elongated, z dm. long by 4-5 cm. broad, stem-leaves ee? narrower; pedicels arene and longer, and calyx-lobes narrower Collected by A. W. Anthony on San Martin Island, Lower Cali- fornia, July-October, 1896 (no. 123, type), July 15, 1896, March 13, 1897.
(14)
5. Dudleya tenuis Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; leaves forming a rosette, oblong-lanceolate, 3~4 cm. long, acu cainate: somewhat glaucous; flowering stems slender, 1-2 dm. high; inflorescence a slender panicle, — of several elongated erect branches; pedicels very short, 1 mm. long or less; calyx deeply 5-parted, its lobes ovate, acute, 2-2.5 mm. long ; corolla 6-8 mm. long, rather narrow, at firs t yellowish, in age be- coming reddish, the segments united for about one half their length.
Collected in the mountains of Lower California by C. R. Orcutt
July 5, 1884 (no. 113). 6. Dudleya angustiflora Rose, sp. nov. Acaulescent; leaves forming a rosette, lanceolate, 3-4 cm. long, acute or meuraindte¥ ery ee flowering stems slender, 1.5- 2 dm. high; inflorescence a va ee panicle with 2-4 elongated branches ; pedicels, aa r, 4-1 ene calyx ae cous, deeply 5-parted, its lobes ee Cee corolla very narrow, 10-12 mm. long, reddish ar Tea drying <0), its segments united into a tube 2 mm. long; stamens abou thirds as long as the corolla, borne on its tube; oa: os Collected by C. A. Purpus on rocks near Daunt P. O., Tulare Co., California (no. 5672).
4. Dudleya Abramsi Rose, sp. nov.
A very delicate little perennial with a thick caudex crowned bya dense rosette of small (2 cm. long) linear-ovate, acuminate, some-
ow, escence 2-branched (in two specimens seen), each branch bearing a secund raceme of ail subsessile flowers; calyx 3 mm. long,
tube; corolla slender, S~-g mm. long, the tube longer than the calyx, the lobes narrow, acute, yellow, striped on the back with deep red, much longer than the slender styles and stamens.
Collected by L. R. Abrams in wet crevices of rocks west of Jacumba, near San Diego, California, June, 1903 (no. 3707).
Resembling D. paucifora in habit, but with nearly sessile flowers, these suggesting D. pumila and D. angustiflora; from which, however, it is surely quite distinct.
8. Dudleya pumila Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; leaves forming small dense rosettes, very glaucous, 2-3 cm. long, ovate, acute; flowering stems delicate, less than 1 cm. long, bearing small ovate leaves; inflorescence of 2 or 3 slender branches, ascending or spreading; pedicels 6-10 mm. long; calyx
(15)
pale, glaucous, its lobes lanceolate-ovate, 2-3 cm. long, acute or sometimes obtusish; corolla 10-13 mm. long, the lobes very nar- row, acute, much ae than the stam
Collected by H. M. Hall on see ~ hillsides, altitude 2,100 meters, San ea Mountains, California, July 19, 1899 (no. 1350). This species is near D. angust¢flora, but with basal leaves very different in shape and stem-leaves much smaller.
g. DupLrya FARINOSA (Lindl.) Britton & Rose. Echeverria fartnosa Lind). Jour. Hort. Soc. 4: 292. 1849. Cotyledon farinosa Baker, in Saund. Refug. Bot. 1: pé/. 77.
869. Coast of California. 10. Dudleya aloides Rose, sp. nov.
Tufted, acaulescent; leaves numerous, erect, rigid, very narrow,
eae oo rete, or the upper part subterete, 7-12 cm. long, 10-15 . bro at base, gradually tapering to the apex, very a eatin
eens often spotted with red; flowering stems 2-3 dm. long, reddish, as also the branches and pedicels ; ; stem- leaves ovate, acute,
Collected at San Felipe, San Diego Co., California, by T. S. Brandegee, April 30, 1894, also by C. R. Orcutt, April, 1903 (living specimens in Department of Agriculture greenhouse, type), and by H. M. Hall, May, 1899.
11. DupLeya saxosa (M. E. Jones) Britton & Rose. Cotyledon saxosum M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 8: 28. 898.
Panamint Cafion, California.
12. DupLEYA SETCHELLU (Jepson) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon laxa var. Setchelldi Jepson, Fl. West. Mid. Calif. 267. Igor.
Flowering stems numerous, from the crown of a short thick caudex, about 3 dm. high; leaves very glaucous, numerous, lanceo- late to linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate; leaves of flowering stem linear, perenne: the lower ones elongated; inflorescence a very
narrow panicle; pedicels rather stout, ascending, 3-5 mm. long; calyx-lobes ine ote, acute; corolla pale yellow, its segments nar- rowly oblong, acute, unite at base into a very short tube; stamens much shorter than the corolla.
Coyote Creek, Santa Clara Co., California.
(16)
13. Dudleya grandiflora Rose, sp. nov.
Caudex very thick, crowned by a dense rosette; basal leaves strap-shaped, slightly ‘broadened at pete and gradually tapering from the base to apex, rather thin, 1-1.5 dm. long, 1-2 cm. broad
just above the base, very glaucous on both sides, especially when very oung; flowering stalk 3-5 dm. long, bright a especially —
ie] 2 ae ri mn 2 & = be o =
cially the lower ones, elongated, 1-1.5 cm. long deeply 5-lobed, the lobes ovate, acute, about half the length of the corolla ; corolla greenish-yellow, becoming reddish in age, 10 mm. long, erect except the Seas acute tips, its segments united at the base into a very short tube 2 mm. long; price shorter than the corolla, attached to its base; Teac erect, distinc
Collected by T. S. Brandegee, at Whitewater, near Banning, California.
14. DupLEyA LinEaRIs (Greene) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon linearis Greene, Pittonia, 1: 285. 1889.
Caudex thick and fleshy, crowned by a dense rosette of leaves; leaves ‘light green not farinose,” broadly linear, acuminate, 3-7.5 cm. long, 6-gmm. broad, thick ; flowering stems 1-1.5 cm. long, more or less bracteate ; inflorescence consisting of 2 or 3 secund racemes,
more or less glaucous, rather compact; pedicels 4 mm. long or less; a deeply 5-lobed, lobes ovate- pan cute, 5 mm. long;
orolla greenish- yellow, 8-9 mm. long, its tube shorter than the x.
San Benito Island, off the coast of Lower California.
15. Dudleya cultrata Rose, sp. nov. Caespitose, the caudex bearing several rosettes of leaves; leaves strap-shaped, not glaucous, 6-10 cm. long, gradually tapering from a rather wide base, 10-12 mm. bo rather thickish, terete near
cence of a few more or less elongated racemes; calyx- nadee trian- aaeererae sy acute; corolla pale yellow, rather narrow, 12 m
long, 3 times as long as the calyx, the tube proper longer ee the calyx, the segments acute; stamens shorter than the corolla; anthers orange.
Described from cultivated plants sent by C. R. Orcutt, which are said to have come from San Quintin, Lower California (type). At the same station similar material was collected by T. S. Brande- gee, May 23, 1889.
(17)
16. Dudleya Greenei Rose, sp. nov.
Caudex ed a thick; leaves in rosettes, numerous, strap- shaped, 6-7 cm. long, 15 mm. broad at base, acute, very glaucous, ance ‘thick Ae leathery; flowering stalk 3-4 dm. high, bearing scattered ovate acuminate leaves; inflorescence oo of nu- merous secund racemes; pedicels stout, ascending, 2-4 mm. long; calyx 4 mm. me deeply 5- palin. the lobes ovate and. acute ; corolla 8-ro mm. long, its tube - lo
Only Cae from specimens Sita iy Prof. E. L. Greene on the island of Santa Cruz off the coast of southern California, July and August, 1886. Type in Herb. California Academy of Sciences; photograph and fragment in U. S. National Herbarium.
17. Dudleya Hallii Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; basal leaves erect or spreading, elongated-lanceo- . long;
late, acut pale and glaucous, thickish, 10-1 flowe stems stout . , their leaves ovate, the lower ones somewhat elongated, slightly cordate at base; inflorescence a
rather short panicle, not at all glaucous; pedicels very short (about 2mm. long); calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute, 5 mm. long; corolla 15 mi. long, pale green tinged with rose
Collected by H. M. Hall near Riverside, California, in 1902, and flowered in Washington, May, 1903 (no. 3722).
18. Dudleya Candelabrum Rose, sp. nov. Basal leaves in a dense broad rosette, pian heer aay 10-15 cm. long, 3 cm. broad near the base, perhaps all glaucous, drying rather thin; flowering stalk about 3 A ae rather stout,
2 broad at top, each branch an elongated secund raceme; pedicels short (1-4 mm. long); calyx 5-7 mm. ae cin parted into lan- ceolate acuminate ee anh 5-9 m
Collected by Prof. E. L. Greene on ing ae of Santa Cruz, off the coast of southern California, July and August, 1886; pa in Herb. California Academy of Sciences, photograph in U.S. tional Herbarium.
19. Dudleya Bryceae Britton, sp. nov.
Caudex stout, short; basal leaves very numerous, lanceolate to oblong-lanceola te, 6-8 cm. long, cm. wide, flat, about 2 mm
o x < o a“ ae i=} ° 7 O g, 2 = » 8 Ss) O° = 38 3 » aa oO fe) xe Bs 3 S m = jan) ° ae ae) = o a rs) 3° o 5
c broad; pedicels 3~6 mm. long; calyx-segments linear-lanceolate, 4 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide towards the base, gradually tapering
(18)
to an acute tip, the tube very short; corolla pale yellow, 1 cm. long, 5-ridged, its linear-lanceolate lobes about as long as its tube; carpels erect, distinct to the base.
Described from a living plant sent to the New York Botanical Gar- den, April, 1902, from San Diego, Cal., by Miss Mary T. Bryce; probably originally from Coronado Islands.
20. Dudleya ingens Rose, sp. nov.
Caudex 3 dm. high or more, densely clothed with the bases of old leaves and oad by a rosette of large leaves 10-20 cm. long, and 3-4 cm. broad; flowering stems 5-6 dm. long; inflorescence a somewhat open panicle ; ; calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, half as long as the corolla, somewhat glaucous.
Collected by T. S. Brandegee at San Telmo, Lower California, June 1, 1893. Closely resembling D. Bryceae, but with larger and more open panicles. Type in herb. Brandegee; fragment and photograph in U.S. National Herbarium.
21. Dudleya candida Britton, sp. nov.
Caudex stout, about 6 cm. high; basal leaves white-farinose all over, numerous, linear to linear-oblong, sharply enreaa some- what widened at the base, 5-7 cm. long, 1 cm. wide or less; flower- ing branch stout, about 3 dm. tall, its narrowly lanceolate leaves somewhat clasping ; inflorescence dense e, about 6 cm. broad; ped- icels stout, 2-5 mm. long; calyx-segments linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, more than one half as long as the linear acute corolla- segments.
Coronado Islands, California, George Thurber, May, 1852 (no. 582)
22. Dudleya rigidifiora Rose, sp. nov.
Basal leaves not seen; flowering stem stout, 3-4 dm. long, pur- plish; inflorescence of numerous long slender secund racemes; pedicels asceriding, 4-5 mm. long; calyx deeply 5-cleft, its lobes equal, fleshy, 6-7 mm. long, acuminate, somewhat glaucous ; co- rolla reddish, 12 mm. long, the tube 5 mm. long, thetlobes slender, acute and erect; stamens 10, much shorter than the corolla, all at- tached near a top of the corolla-tube; carpels 5, slender, erect, free to the bas
Plaza co Lower California, collected by A. W. Anthony, July to October, 1896 (no. 142).
23. DupLteya taxa (Lindl.) Britton & Rose. Echeveria laxa Lindl. Jour. Hort. Soc. 4: 292. 1849. Cotyledon laxa Benth. & Hook.; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1:
212. 1876,
Monterey, California.
(19) 24. Dudleya Bernardina Britton, sp. nov.
Acaulescent, green, or the young leaves and inflorescence some-
what glaucous; “basa 1 leaves forming a rosette, spreading, obovate- spatulate to rhombic-obovate, abruptly ae acuminate, 5-8 cm ong, 5 cm. wide or less; flowering bran 1.5-2. igh, leafy to or near the base, its leaves se to ovate- -lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sagittate-clasping ; cyme 10 cm. broad or less, many-flowered ; pedicels becoming 1-1.5 cm. long; calyx 5-6 mm. long, deeply 5- osen the lobes ovate, acute; corolla Follow, about 12 mm. long, cleft to below the middle, its lobes sharply acute; stamens about three fourths as ae as the corolla.
San Bernardino Mountains, southern California: type collected by S. B. and W. F. Parish, 1881 (no. roo).
25. Dudleya Goldmani Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent ; basal leaves in small dense rosettes, rhomboid-
long, their leaves small, ovate, cordate at base, acute; inflorescence few-flowered, the flat- topped cyme very glaucous; pedicels 10-15 mm. long, slender ; calyx 4-5 mm. » tongs its lobes ovate, acutish; corolla pinkish, or deep orange, 1 m. long, its tube ver short its lobes oblong, acutish, rather thin aa perhaps more inclined to spread than in other species; stamens and _ styles eonsiiersbly shorter than the corolla.
Collected by E. A. Goldman in Pine Valley, head of Carmel River, Monterey Co., California, August 3, 1902 (no. 763), some of the specimens flowering in Washington, 1903 (type); and by Miss Alice Eastwood, same county, Los Berros Trail, Santa Lucia Mountains, May 1-12, 1897.
26. Dudleya minor Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent, or very old plants with a carrot-shaped rootstock 5 cm. long, crowned by a small rosette of spreading leaves; leaves rhomboid-ovate, the larger ones 5-7 cm. long, narrowed at base, abruptly acuminate, glaucous; inflorescence slender, with a few elongated one-sided racemes; pedicels slender, 10-15 mm. long; calyx 5-7 mm. long, its lobes ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute; co- rolla yellow or pale. orange, 12 mm. long, its tube 2 mm. long.
Collected on rocky banks, San Gabriel Cafion, altitude 600 to 700 meters, Los Angeles Co., Cal., by Dr. H. E. Hasse, June, 1902 (Rose, no. 421, type). Here also seems to belong A. J. Mc- Clatchie’s plant, collected in the same region, May 25, 1896.
( 02 )
27. Dudleya ovatifolia Britton, sp. nov. Glabrous, low, green, 1.5 dm. high or less; peladess stems rigid; basal leaves ovate, shining above, acute, about 2 cm. long;
ments lanceolate, acute.
Sierra Santa Monica, California, H. M. Hall, no. 3255, May, 1902.
28. DupLeya Nevapensis (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon Nevadensis S. Wats. in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 212. 187
Mountains of middle California. Type locality, Sonora, Cali- fornia.
29. Dudleya Sheldoni Rose, sp. nov. Acaulescent; leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, very
high, purplish, leafy to the base; lower stem-leaves linear-lanceo- late, 4 cm. long, the upper ones ovate, acute; inflorescence a rather compact panicle; pedicels rather slender, sometimes ro mm. long; sepals reddish, ovate, acute; corolla bright yellow, 10-11 mm. long, the lobes sharply acute, ae ing at tip, free nearly to base; stamens attached just above the base of the corolla, about two thirds as long as the eee ee 5, erect.
Collected by Miss Alice Eastwood at the north base of Mt. Tamalpais, California, June, 1903 (type), and by E. P. Sheldon at the same place January, 1903.
30. DupLEya PLaTTIANA (Jepson) Britton & Rose. Cotyledon Plattiana Jepson, Fl. West. Mid. Calif. 267. 1901. Mountains of central California.
31. Dupiteya Purpusi (Schum.) Britton & Rose. Etcheveria Purpust Schum. Gartenfl. 45: 608. 1896. Cotyledon Purpusi Nichols. Dict. Gard. Suppl. 263. 1900. Pale ae somewhat glaucous, tufted; basal leaves 4-7 c
long, 2 cm. wide or less, rhombic, broadest near the middle, Aes acuminate; flowering branches 1-2 dm. tall, their leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 cm. long or less, sessile, numerous; cyme 4-8 cm. broad;
pedicels rather stout, longer than the flowers; flower-buds Guaid: acuminate; longer than thick; calyx-segments ovate, acutish, about
(21)
m. long, one third as long as the lemon-yellow corolla; corolla- ener narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, separate nearly to the base. Mountains of middle California.
32. Dudleya robusta Britton, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; basal leaves numerous, ascending, lanceolate, acu- minate, light green, sometimes slightly glaucous, 10-15 cm. long,
1.5-2.5 ae wide; flowering branches stout, leafy to or nearly to the base, pa dm. high, erect-ascending, their leav es lanceolate to eee lanceolate, sagittate, the upper ones very small, the lower 4- long; cyme many-flowered, about 10 cm. broad; pedicels, or some of them, at length 1-1.5 cm. long, white-glaucous; calyx 5-6 mm. long, deeply cleft, its lobes ovate, sharply acute, white-glaucous ; corolla about 1.3 cm. long, orange, cleft to below the middle, the lobes acute.
Described from plants sent to New York Botanical Garden from southern California by Miss Mary T. Bryce in 1902, which flowered the same year. (N. Y. B. G. no. 12,569.)
33- Dudleya Parishii Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; basal leaves in a rosette, lanc eolate, acuminate, not very thick for this genus, not at all aeruage becoming red; flower- ing stems rather stout, co’ 3-4 dm. high; lower leaves nar- rowly lanceolate, upper ones smaller, orate only slightly clasping at base; inflorescence panic dee. somewhat flat-topped, the branches spreading; pedicels rather slender, 4-8 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acute (in herbarium specimens sharply acute) ; corolla about 10 mm. long, rather pale orange, drying quite reddish.
Collected by S. B. Parish near San Bernardino, California, alti- tude 300-450 meters, July 1, 1896, and in rg02 (the latter speci- mens the type, flowering in Washington, June, 1903); Bloody Basin, near Fort Verde, Arizona, E. A. Mearns, no. 338.
34. DupLteya cymosa (Lem.) Britton & Rose. Echeveria cymosa Lem. Il. Hort. 10: Suppl. 79. 1863. Cotyledon cymosa Baker, in Saund. Refug. Bot. 1: pl. 68. 1869. California.
35. Dudleya Brandegei Rose, sp. nov. Acaulescent; leaves in a dense aca rigid, ovate-oblong, long- acuminate, the larger ones 1 dm. long, pale and slightly glaucous; flowering stems 4-6 dm. long, rather stout, —— inflorescence of several elongated one-sided racemes; pedicels rather stout, 1-1.5 cm. long; calyx deeply cleft into ovate- seen lobes, these acute and 6-7 mm. long; corolla 10-14 mm. long, yellowish, the
( 22)
segments nearly erect, a little longer than the tube; stamens shorter than the corolla, attached near the top of its tube; carpels erect, free to the base.
Living specimens sent by Mrs. T. S. Brandegee in June, 1902 (type) ; probably native of Lower California. In Mr. Brandegee’s herbarium is a flowering specimen which seems referable here, col- lected by him at San Barga, Lower California, in 1889.
36. Dudleya lurida Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; basal leaves ascending or nearly erect, very nu- merous, not at all glaucous at flowering time, at last deeply bronzed, lanceolate, acuminate, 10-15 cm. long, 10-22 mm. broad at the middle, fleshy but not very thick for this genus; flowering stems stout, purplish, 4-5 dm. tall, their leaves broadly ovate, acute; inflorescence paniculate, the branches elongated; pedicels 8-12 mm. long, rather slender; calyx-lobes ovate, acute, 5-6 mm. long, ee ee corolla reddish, 12-15 mm. long, the segments erect, acu
Collected by Dr. H. E. Hasse on dry ridges, Santa Monica range, Los Angeles Co., California, June 15, 1902 (type), and by Dr. A. Davidson, San Fernando, Los Angeles Co., May 24, 1903.
37. Dudleya pauciflora Rose, sp. nov.
Leaves forming dense rosettes, see eyes broadened at base,
long-acuminate, 2-3 cm. long, 1 cm. at base, reddish, perhaps somewhat glaucous; flowering stems : 10c g few leavedy in- florescence a c 6-8 flowers, the longer pedicels 8-10
long; calyx 5-lobed, its lobes ovate, acute, 1.5 long; corolla-
tube shorter than the calyx, its segments 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, probably reddish
Collected on San Pedro Martin Mountain, northern Lower Cali- fornia, by T. S. Brandegee, May 13, 1893.
This species is perhaps nearest the following, but has different leaves and inflorescence, and smaller flowers; it was distributed as Cotyledon attenuata, from which it is even more distinct. Type in Herb. California Academy of Sciences; fragment and photo- graph in U. S. National Herbarium.
38. DupLEYA NUBIGENA (Brand.) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon nubigena Brand. Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 3: 136. 1891. Summits of the ‘* Sierra de la Laguna ” in southern Lower Cali-
fOrnia.
( 23 )
39- Dudleya Xanti Rose, sp. nov. Resembling D. xubigena but of smaller stature ; basal leaves in a small but rather dense rosette, broadly ovate, 4-5 cm. long, more or less glaucous; flowering stems *3 bk long, slender, usually 2-
slender e
mm. long; calyx small, ‘deeply iobed, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or even rounded at apex, 2-3 mm. long; corolla 8-1ro mm. long, reddish, its tube usually if not always longer than the calyx; stamens much shorter than the corolla; carpels erect
The following specimens referred here are all fot the extreme southern part of Lower California: Vicinity of San Lucas, L. J. Xantus, 1859-60 (type); San José del Cabo, T. S. Brandegee, 1892 (no. 207 in part and no. 208), and from the same locality, Carlos Grabendorffer, 1898.
40. DupLeya RuBEns (Brand.) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon rubens Brand. Proc. Cal. Acad. Il. 2: 155. 188
‘« Cliffs near San Esteban ” in the interior of central Lower Cali- fornia about 27° 50! latitude.
41. Dudleya gigantea Rose, sp. nov.
Acaulescent or nearly so, with a thick short oe basal leaves in a dense rosette, very glaucous, oblanceolate, 5-7 c ong, drying very thin; flowering stems rather stout, about oe
pedicels rather slender, 5-10 mm. long, erect; bie eas broadly ovate, obtuse or acutish; corolla drying deep red, 9-10 mm oo the ene erect, acute, united at base into a ator tube 1.5 mm lon
Collected at New York Falls, Amador Co., California by Geo. Hansen, June 15, 1896.
42. Dudleya rigida Rose, sp. nov.
Basal leaves numerous, borne on a thick woody caudex, flat but fleshy, oblong, 5-7 cm. long, acuminate, somewhat glaucous; flowering branches long, slender and weak; inflorescence of a few (usually 2) secund racemes; pedicels slender, the lower ones longer, sometimes 10-15 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate, longer than the tube, acute; corolla 12 mm. long, reddish, with erect segments.
Lower California, J. E. McClelland; described from a specimen which flowered in Washington.
43. DuUDLEYA LANCEOLATA (Nutt.) Britton & Rose.
Echeveria lanceolata Nutt.; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 561. 1840.
( 24)
Cotyledon lanceolata Benth. & Hook.; Brew. & Wats. Bot. al. 4: 211. 189 Southern California.
44. Dudleya delicata Rose, sp. nov.
Leaves in dense rosettes, in clusters of 4-6 or more, erect or somewhat spreading, rather narrow, broadest at the base, the outer ones 2 cm. broad, the inner ones considerably smaller and narrower, gradually tapering to an acute apex, 6-S cm. long, fleshy but flat- tened, very glaucous; flowering stems slender, about 20 cm. long, the leaves ovate, acute; pedicels very short, z2~4 mm. long; calyx- lobes equal, ovate, acute, not glaucous; corolla rather narrow, greenish-yellow, the lobes slightly spreading at tip, obtuse or barely acutish, oblong, united at base into short tube barely 2 mm. long.
Collected by L. R. Abrams in Spencer Valley, near Julian, San Diego Co., California, June 22, 1903. Here seems to belong R. D. Alderson’s no. 446, from Witches Creek, a nearby locality.
45. DupLEya PaLmeErRI (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose. Cotyledon Palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 292. 18409. San Simeon Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., California. Only
known from type specimens.
46. Dudleya Brauntoni Rose, sp. nov.
Plants caespitose, the rootstock crowned by 6-S rosettes of leaves; leaves elongated, strap-shaped, becoming 20 cm. long an 2 cm. broad, but often at flowering time only 10 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, pale green and very glaucous on the face, acute; flower-
m lobes broadly ovate, q~5 mm. long, acute; segments of corolla pale greenish yellow, 10-12 mm. long, erect.
Collected by Ernest Braunton on Elysian Hills, Los Angeles, California, April 20, 1903 (no. 869), and May, 1903 (no. 882).
47. Dudleya brevipes Rose, sp. nov.
Caespitose, the rootstock crowned by a cluster of 5 or 6 rosettes of leaves; leaves lanceolate to strap-shaped, 8-10 cm. long, 10-18 mm. broad, acute to shortly acuminate, not glaucous, somewhat shining; flowering branches about 30 cm. long, naked only near the base, their leaves ovate, acute, slightly cordate at base, spread- ing or ascending; inflorescence of several spreading branches;
(25)
pedicels very short (3-4 mm. long); calyx deeply 5- adie the lobes acute, glaucous; corolla-segments reddish yellow, a
Collected by C. R. Orcutt near Calmalli, Lower ee April, 1903 (no. 125).
48. Dudleya compacta Rose, sp. nov.
Rootstock crowned by a cluster of closely set rosettes of leaves;
basal leaves oblong- einen rigid, very fleshy, bright shining green, sometimes 6 cm. long but eee less, 2 cm. wide or less,
eee at base, gradually narrowed toward the ovate acute tip; flowering stem 2-3 dm. long, reddish, wet a all glaucous, its lower leaves ovate-oblong, the upper ones short, broadly ovate, cordate, acutish, very thick; inflorescence rather compact, of several branches bearing a few flowers; pedicels short, the lower ones 3-4 mm. long; calyx-lobes acutish, in herbarium specimens decidedly acute ; corolla pale oo colored, 8-10 mm. long, the segments acutish, spread- ing at
on on rocks about San Francisco Bay. Described from specimens sent by Miss Eastwood in 1903 which flowered in Wash- ington in June, 1903.
49. Dudleya congesta Britton, sp. nov.
Acaulescent, green throughout, not at all glaucous; basal leaves
rhombic- ee ceolate to rhombic-ovate, sharply acuminate, dull,
cm. long or less, 1.5-2 cm. wide; flowering branch stout, about 13 cm. tall, ee its cordate-sagittate leaves numerous, triangular,
shorter than the pedicels, its lobes ovate, sharply acute, longer than its tube, slightly longer than wide; corolla lemon-yellow, about three times as long as the calyx, its set segments acute, separate to below the tips of the calyx-lobe
Type sent by Miss Bryce from southern California to New York Botanical Garden in 1902; flowered June, 1903 (N. Y. B. no. 12703).
50. Dudleya Eastwoodiae Rose, sp. nov.
Caudex short, crowned by a dense rosette of leaves, these rather short-ovate, Wroa dest at base, acute, 2-4 cm. long, green or be- coming bronzed, not glaucous 0 or only slightly so, thickish ; flower ing stalks rather stout, 15-25 cm. high, densely bracted, their lage ovate, somewhat clasping ; noche a rather compact cyme, the branches short, densely flowered; pedicels stout and short, 2-5
g; calyx small, 3-4 mm. long, cleft to below the middle, the lobes ovate and obtuse; corolla-segments yellow (not turning reddish
(26)
in age), 10-12 mm. long, oblong, obtuse, the tube very short; ei much shorter than the corolla, equally inserted near its
"ese by Miss Alice Eastwood at Bodega Point, Sonora Co., California, July 4, 1900. It much resembles the glabrous-leaved Dudleya compacta, of the San Francisco region, but is apparently distinct. This species and the next differ from other Dudleyas of central California in their very obtuse corolla-segments.
51. Dudleya septentrionalis Rose, sp. nov.
Caudex crowned by several crowded rosettes of leaves covered throughout with a white powder; leaves compact in the rosettes, yather short, thickish, acute, ovate, broadest at base, 2-2.5 cm. broad ; prints stems stout, rather weak and short for the genus, 6-8 cm. long, purplish, naked below, but thickly set with small leaves above, these broadly ovate, acute; inflorescence a very com-
act cyme; calyx deeply cleft, glaucous, the lobes broadly ovate, acute; corolla pale greenish yellow, rather short and broad, the broad ale lobes thickish on the back and united at base into a very short t
Collected ie Miss Alice Eastwood at Crescent City, Del Norte Co., California, June, 1903. This species resembles D. farinosa in Habit and foliage but has very different flowers, and D. £ast- woodtae in its broad obtuse petals but in other respects is quite different. It is by far the most northern species yet discovered.
52. Dudleya acuminata Rose, sp. nov. Caespitose, the 5 or 6 dense rosettes crowning a thick caudex; leaves not very numerous (12-20), erect or ascending, broadly ovate, acuminate, 4-7 cm. long, broadest at base (2-2.
25-30 cm. high, naked below, their leaves 1-1.5 cm. long, ovate, acute, eee at base; pneaiaay slightly Ser pedicels
ort, 3-6 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long, deeply 5-cleft, the lobes Penne Perea acute (rather ae so in dried specimens) ; corolla reddish yellow
Collected near Calmalli, 50 miles east of Lagoon Head, Lower California, by C. R. Orcutt, April, 1903 (no. 126, type). Here I am inclined to refer T. S. Brandegee’s specimens collected on Cedros Island, April 1, 1897.
53- DupLeya Lincua (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose. Cotyledon Lingula S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 293. 1879.
San Simeon Bay, California. Only known from type spec- imen.
(27)
54. DupLEYA PANICULATA (Jepson) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon caespitosa var. paniculata Jepson, Fl. West Mid. Calif. 267. 1901.
Acaulescent; leaves in a dense rosette, ovate-oblong, about 10 cm. long, at least the inner ones quite gla ucous; inflorescence an elongated panicle, 20-30 cm. long; pedicels 4-10 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate-triangular, acute; corolla pale yellow.
Morrison Cafion near Niles, California.
55. Dudieya humilis Rose, sp. nov.
Caespitose, clinging to the rocks, sometimes a dozen or more rosettes of leaves crowning the rootstock; leaves linear-ovate, i m
os a short panicle, few to very many-flowered; pedicels short, 2-5 mm. long; ge ae ovate, acute; corolla at first pale ee but drying reddish, 7-S mm. long, its segments acute, somewhat spreading at ‘about twice as long as the calyx.
Described from living specimens sent by Miss Alice Eastwood from Mt. Diablo, California, June 2,1903. Here seems to belong the plant collected on the same mountain by Dr. E. L. Greene in June, 1892.
Miss Eastwood says of this species: ‘* The little plants were hug- ging the rocks very closely and it was very difficult to disengage them. They grow almost at the very summit.”
56. DupLEeya caAESPITOSA (Haw.) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon caespitosa Haw. Misc. Nat. 180. 1803.
Cotyledon linguiformis R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 3: 10g. 1811.
Cotyledon reflexa Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 24. 1813.
Etcheverta caespitosa DC. Prod. 3: 4o1. 1828.
Central California. Erroneously cited in original description as from Cape of Good Hope.
57. Dudleya Helleri Rose, sp. nov.
Caudex crowned by several (8 in specimens seen) small dense rosettes of leaves; basal leaves linear to ovate-linear, 3-4 cm. rong very glaucous, thickish, acute, 15 mm. wide at the base, 10
wide ef less ie oy ove the base; flowering branches slender, icae cm. long, bright red, usually naked below (at least for 2-6 cm.), ‘their ee ste the upper ones short and acute; in-
( 28 )
florescence a rather small flat-topped cyme of 2-5 branches, each branch bearing 3-6 flowers; pedicels short, z~5 mm. long; calyx-
lobes united at base into a very short tube, broadly ovate, acute; stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, attached almost at the base of the corolla.
Collected by A. A. Heller in Monterey Co. (exact locality not given), California, in July, 1903. Here seem also to belong speci- mens collected on Willow Creek, Santa Lucia Mountains, Mont- erey Co., California, by R. A. Plaskett, May, 1897 (no. 86).
58. DupLeya CoTyLEpon (Jacq.) Britton & Rose.
Sedum Cotyledon Jacq. Eclog. 1: 27. pl. 77. 1811. oe Californica Baker, in Saund. Refug. Bot. 1: J. 70.
69.
Licheveria Caltfornica roe Zc. 186
Acaulescent, or very nearly so, tinged with red, basal leaves numerous, ticle: -lingulate, pale pune slightly glaucous, 6-10 cm. long, 2 cm. wide or less, sharply acuminate, the base widened ;
n their leaves numerous, ovate to triangular-ovate, sagittate, half- clasping, acute, the lower ones about 2 cm. long, the upper gradu- ally smaller, the similar bracts of the ee 5 mm. long or less; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, 2.5 dm. long or less ; ped- icels stout, q-10 mm. long; calyx white farinose, its lobes tri- angular-ovate, acute, 3 mm. long; corolla yellow, 1 cm. lon ng, its tube slighter shorter than the calyx, its oblong-lanceolate segments acute, slightly keele
onterey, Calorie. The plates of Jacquin and of Baker clearly represent the same species, and this has recently been col- lected by Mr. L. R. Abrams at Monterey and flowered freely at New York Botanical Garden.
59. Dudleya elongata Rose, sp. nov.
tems elongated, at length 2-4 dm. long, simple or branched; leaves nearly | inear, broadest near the base, very glaucous, 4-8 cm.
g, 9 mm. wide or less, acute to acuminate ; flowering stems leafless below, leafy ent the leaves Overs; acute, cordate, 1 cm. long or less; inflorescence cy ymose-pa te; de esc very short i~2 mm. long; c calyx-lobes ovate, acute, 4 mm. long, twice as long . the eae corolla 12 mm. long, at first reddisl yellow, in age
eep r
Near San Pedro, California, H. E. Hasse.
(29) GORMANIA ste gen. nov.
Low, Sedum-like species, perennial by horizontal rootstocks. Leaves spatulate to obovate or nearly abe (hoe of the flower- ing stems similar to the basal ones, but sma owers os
n e or thyrsoid, yellow to red. Calyx mostly deeply 5-lobed, the lobes acute or obtuse. Petals 5, united below the middle, acute to acumi- nate, somewhat spreading above. Stamens 10, borne on the co- rolla; anthers mostly oblong. Carpels many-seeded, united below, erect or nearly so, even in fruit.
Named for Mr. M. W. Gorman, of Portland, Oregon, an assidu- ous collector
Type species, Cotyledon Oregonensis 8. Wats.
1. GormMania Watsontr Britton.
Cotyledon Oregonensis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 373. 1882. Not Sedum Oreganum Nutt. 1840.
Oregon.
2. Gormania laxa Britton, sp. nov. labrous, green, about 3 dm. tall; flowering stems erect; leaves
spatulate, abou cm. long, obtuse ; inflorescence loose, cymose- paniculate, nae to cm. broad and 16 cm. long, its branches lax, slender; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate,
ute, 4-5 mm. long; corolla yellow (?), ro-11 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate, acute, united nearly to the middle; anthers about 2 mm. long; carpels erect, united at the base.
Waldo, Oregon, Thos. Howell, June 4, 1884.
3. GORMANIA oBTUSATA (A. Gray) Britton. Sedum obtusatum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 342. 1868. Sierra Nevada of California.
4. Gormania Hallii Britton, sp. nov.
Spreading, matted, green, not glaucous, the flowering stems § cm. ney or less; leaves spatulate to spatulate-obovate, 15 mm. long or less, 4-6 mm. wide, rounded or slightly retuse at the apex, a little concave on the upper surface, the upper ones similar, nar- rower; calyx about 3 mm. long, its lobes oblong- Fagard obtus- ish; corolla about 7 mm. long, bright yellow, its tube somewhat shorter than the calyx, its lobes oblong-lanceolate, eerere pedi- cels very slender, 2-8 mm. long; cyme little compound, thyrsoid, about 3 cm. broad, 3-5 cm. high.
Vicinity of Tuolumne meadows, in the Canadian zone, at pe 3100 m. altitude, Yosemite National Park, California, H. M. and E. B. Babcock, July, 1902, no. 3545.
(30) 5. Gormania anomala Britton, sp. nov.
Rootstock rather slender; flowering stems 7-10 cm. high; basal and lower leaves spatulate, about 1.5 cm. long, the upper much smaller; cyme dense, 5 cm. broad or less; pedicels 2 mm. long, or those of central flowers 5-6 mm. long; calyx-segments ovate- lanceolate, acute; corolla yellow, 6-7 mm. long, its lobes lanceo- late, acute, united by their bases to the length of about 0.5 mm.; carpels nearly erect, their filiform tips half as long as body.
Southern California. Type locality, sandy hills in path of strong daily sea-winds, San Luis Obispo County, Mrs. R. W. Summers, June, 1883
6. GORMANIA DEBILIS (S. Wats.) Britton.
Sedum debile S. Wats. Bot. King’s Exp. 102. 1871. Utah, Nevada, Idaho and eastern Oregon.
7. GORMANIA OREGANA (Nutt.) Britton.
Sedum Oreganum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 559. 1840. Glabrous, green; rootstock slender, creeping; flowering stems slender, erect or ascending, 8-15 cm. high; leaves spatulate- cm. long or
ceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla 8~1o mm. long, yellow, its linear-lanceolate long-acuminate segments united for about one fifth their length, much exceeding the stamens.
Alaska to northern California. Corolla said to be pale rose-color in original description, apparently erroneously, unless it fades to that tint.
8. Gormania Burnhami Britton, sp. nov.
inflorescence thyrsoid, 6-10 cm. long, about 5 cm. wide, rather loose; pedicels stout, 3-6 mm. long, mostly shorter than the linear bracts; calyx 4-6 mm. long, its ovate or ovate-lanceolate lobes acute or acuminate; corolla cream-color, tinged with rose, about 1 cm. long, its segments oblong-lanceolate, acute, united for about one fourth their length.
Between Lake Eleanor and Lake Vernon, Tuolumne County, California, S. H. Burnham, July 16, 1894 (type); Cation Creek, Trinity County, California, Alice Eastwood, July 2-18, rgor.
(31)
Gormania retusa Rose, sp. nov.
Rootstock rather thick; flowering stems 1-1.5 dm. tall; leaves obovate to spatulate, relatively thin, retuse, 2 as long or less, the upper much smailer; inflorescence dense, thyrsoid-cymose, about 6 cm. long; pedicels 3 mm. long or less; eee -lobes ovate, acute, 3 mm. long; corolla pink or red, 6-7 mm. long, its seg- ments oblong-lanceolate, acutish, ae for ee one fourth their length.
Sanhedrin Mountains, Lake County, California, alt. 1,500 meters, A. A. Heller, August 6, 1g02.
10. Gormania Eastwoodiae Britton, sp. nov.
Rootstocks stout, horizontal; basal leaves spatulate, thick, ob-
tuse, I-2 ¢ ong, I cm. wide or less, rather pale green, slightly glaucous, those of the flowering stems similar, smaller; ring stems 10-15 cm. high; cyme dense, 5 cm. broad or less; pedicels
2-5 mm. long; calyx about 3 mm. long, its triangular-ovate acute lobes about twice as long as the tube; corolla red or dark pink, about 7 mm. long, its segments oblong-lanceolate, sharply acute, united for about one third their length.
Red Mountain, northern Mendocino County, California, Alice Eastwood.
ALTAMIRANOA Rose, gen. nov.
Perennial, low, much branched species, often shrubby at base, with much more the habit of Sedum than of Acheverta, but petals not distinct, flowers purplish or white, rarely yellow, much smaller than in Acheverta. Sepals, linear, distinct. Corolla not angled, with a distinct tube, campanulate; the lobes broad and spreading. Stamens 10, borne on the corolla-tube. Carpels 5, erect
Named in honor of Dr. Fernando Altamirano, who, as the Di- rector of the Instituto Medico Nacional, is doing much to develop the scientific resources of Mexico.
Type species, Cotyledon Batesii Hemsl.
T have grouped together here certain anomalous species which have heretofore been resting in Cotyledon but with the habit of a Sedwmz, or in Sedum, but with united petals. It is possible that the species here brought together may not all be congeneric. It seems clear, however, that they should be taken out of Cotyledon and Sedum.
Altamiranoa elongata Rose, sp. nov.
Perennial, at first with slender erect branches, but rather weak and becoming prostrate, aiaees root at every joint, finely puberu- lent; leaves small, closely set at right angles to the branches, appearing imbricate in dried specimens, linear-ovate, acute, puberu- lent, 6 mm. long, turgid but somewhat flattened, with a cordate some-
(32)
what clasping base; inflorescence Samui its ultimate branches secund, bearing a few sessile flowers; sepals linear, 2 mm. long, puberulent; corolla white or pinkish, 5 mm. long, campanulate, its segments united at base into a short tube; carpels distinct.
A common species on the mountains above Pachuca, altitude about 2,850 meters. Collected by J. N. Rose, June 1, 1899 (no. 4461, type), and later in the same year by C. G. Pringle (no. 8233).
ALTAMIRANOA CALCICOLA (Robinson & Greenman) Rose.
Sedum calcicola Robinson & Greenman, Am. Jour. Sci. 50: 150. 1
Las Cuavas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
ALTAMIRANOA PARVA (Hemsl.) Rose.
Sedum parvum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Nov. 3: 51. 18So.
Only known from the type locality, which is near the City of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Altamiranoa Goldmani Rose, sp. no w much branched Sedum-like plant, gabrous throughout,
with tuberous-thickened roots; old stems so hat woody, pro- cumbent and rooting at the joints, bearing pee rosettes of leaves; flowering branches more elongated, 5-6 cm. long, rose-col-
dietaet, linear, fleshy but flattened, obtuse, appressed to the corolla, unequal, 4-6 mm. long, reddish tinged ; corolla 6 mm. long, not at all 5-angled, very thin’ when dry, pale yellow, tinged with red, orange colored when dry, its tube a little longer than the lobes; lobes ovate, acute, spreading; stamens 10, all borne at the top of the corolla-tube; scales small, purplish, 0.3 mm. long, about as broad as high, retuse at apex; carpels 5, distinct, oblong, reddish near tip, many-seeded; styles short.
Described from living specimens collected by E. A. Goldman among crevices of the rocks on the summit of Cerro de Patamban, Michoacan, Mexico, altitude 3,600 meters. The species has much the habit of A. elongata.
ALTAMIRANOA Baresi (Hemsl.) Rose. Cotyledon Batesit Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Nov. 1: 9. 1878. Central Mexico.
Altamiranoa scopulina Rose, sp. nov.
Glabrous throughout; stems more or less creeping and much branched, the lower parts covered with whitish scales (bases of old dead leaves) ; leaves linear, nearly terete, 4-6 mm. long, sessile and
(33)
with a free projection down the stem, closely set but hardly imbri- cate; flowers few, near the tops of the branches, sessile or short- pediceled ; sepals leaf-like, shorter than the petals, somewhat un- equal; corolla-segments pure white, oblong, acute, 5 mm. long, slightly united at base, nearly flat; appendages minute; stamens shorter than the corolla
Collected by J. N. Rose on dry rocky hills near Tepeaca, south of Puebla, June 27, 1899 (no. 4996). Living specimens were sent to the Washington Botanical Garden and flowered in the open, June, 1g00. From these the above description is drawn.
ALTAMIRANOA FUSCA (Hemsl.) Rose.
Sedum fuscum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1: 395. 1880.
Described as an annual but perhaps a biennial or possibly a per- ennial, diffusely branching, 1 dm. high or less; leaves hee) ob- long, fleshy, 4-6 mm. long, obtuse; inflorescence cym mere cels 2 mm. long or ieee sepals distinct, free at base; le ments white, united for one fourth their length.
Only known from the region about San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
ALTAMIRANOA CHIHUAHUENSIS (S. Wats.) Rose. Sedum Chihuahuense 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 273. 1888. escribed as annual but producing small tubers, simple below, branching above, ee cm. tall; leaves sessile, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, 2— m. long; corolla-segments white, united
at base, oblanceolate, as mm. long; carpels divergent above. Rocky ledges, Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, Mexico. A very
peculiar species and not well understood.
STYLOPHYLLUM Britton & Rose, gen. nov.
Perennials with more or less branched rootstocks; basal leaves linear, elongated, terete, or flattened but always narrow, sometimes
lobes ovate, equal and small. Corolla campanulate, not angled, white, red or yellowish, its lobes broad, thin and spreading, united below into a tube. Stamens ro, borne on the corolla-tube. Car- pels 5, united below, generally strongly spreading as in Sed.
The type species, Cotyledon edulis Nutt., has been referred to both Sed and Cotyledon. The name is in allusion to the pen- cil-shaped leaves of the type species.
1. STYLOPHYLLUM viscipUM (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon viscida S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 372. 1882. Southern California.
(34)
2. Stylophyllum virens Rose, sp. nov.
The thick and elongated branched stem sprawling over een the lower parts clothed with old leaves, the ends crowned by dens rosettes of bright green leaves; leaves spreading or es fisea shining, not glaucous, 5-9 cm. long, gradually tapering from the base and there 10-15 mm. broad, fleshy but flattened throughout; inflorescence a weak many-branched panicle; calyx-lobes ovate, somewhat acutish in ee specimens; corolla reddish, campanu- late; carpels spreadin
Collected by Blanche Trask on San Clemente Island, California, June, 1903.
3. Stylophyllum albidum Rose, sp. nov.
Basal leaves in dense rosette, strap-shaped, widest at base,
gradually tapering at the apex, very glaucous, 4 cm. long, 1 cm.
minate; inflorescence a somewhat flattened cyme; pedicels very stout and short, 2-4 mm. long; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, very short, 2 mm. long; corolla 7 mm. long, reddish, its lobes lan- peel, acute, its tube 2 mm. long; stamens all borne at the top of tube, shorter than i corolla; carpels somewhat ee above and united at bas
San Clemente Island, Catone: T. S. Brandegee, August 25, 1894 (type). Also collected on the same island by Blanche Trask in 1903.
4. Stylophyllum Traskae Rose, sp. nov.
Caudex thick and woody; leaves forming a dense rosette, strap- shaped, 4-5 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, glabrous, acute; flowerin branches about 20 cm. long, reddish, with rather small scattered pineal inflorescence a rather compact flat-topped cyme; pedicels short, 2-4 ong; calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acute or obtusish; an bright canary-yellow, mm. long, the lobes somewhat spreading; carpels inclined to spread.
Only known from material collected by Blanche Trask on Santa Barbara Island off the coast of southern California, May, 1901. The plant was distributed as Cotyledon lanceolata, from which of course it is very distinct.
5. Stylophyllum insulare Rose, sp. nov.
Stems very thick and woody, 6-8 cm. in diameter, crowned b rosette of dire leaves, the old leaves somewhat perisient: leaves 10-15 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad above the base, 2 cm. broad at pee fleshy, much flattened except toward the apex, acute, more
r less ened ae especially when young; flowering branch stout,
(35)
purplish, 3-4 dm. long; inflorescence paniculately branched; pri- mary branches oe nearly equal, two or three times dichotomous,
its lobes twice as long as the tube, ovate, acute; corolla m, long, reddish, somewhat campanulate, its tube about the length of the carpels; carpels united at base, widely spreading.
Collected on Santa Catalina Island by Blanche Trask in May and June, 1897, and in June, 1902. The latter specimen, in U. S. National Herbarium, is the type.
6. Stylophyllum Hassei Rose, sp. nov.
dex elongated, sometimes about 3 dm. long, 2-3 cm. in diam-
ered cous, 4 mm. long, cleft to or below the middle, its lobes ovate, acute; corolla-tube about 1 mm. long; carpels widely spreading in age.
Collected on the sea beach on Santa Catalina Island by Dr. H. E. Hasse, May 30, 1902 (type), and on the same island by Blanche Trask, June, 1902.
47. Stylophyllum semiteres Rose, sp. nov.
At first acaulescent but old plants Paige caulescent and branching; leaves numerous, closely set on the caudex, linear, semiterete, Io cm. or so long, often See reddish, acute; flowering branches about 20 cm. long, their leaves ovate, turgid, tee the lowest ones often opposite ; inflorescence a pair of secund
acemes; pedicels very short (1-3 mm. long); calyx 5 mm. long,
mm. 1 i
but tinged with red; stamens borne on the corolla, all shorter than the corolla but those alternating with the lobes shorter than the others; carpels somewhat spreading.
Type from Lower California or the Colorado Desert of California sent by Mr. C. R. Orcutt, 1903.
In some respects these specimens correspond, especially in refer- ence to the leaves, calyx, inflorescence and color of the flower, with Mr. Watson’s description of Cotyledon attenuata, but they differ greatly from living specimens from type locality.
(36)
8. STYLOPHYLLUM EDULE (Nutt.) Britton & Rose. Sedum edule Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 560. 1840. Cotyledon edulis Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1: 211. 1876 Southern California, near the sea.
9. STYLOPHYLLUM ATTENUATUM (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose.
Cotyledon attenuata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 472. 1887. San Quintin, Lower California. 10. STYLOPHYLLUM DENSIFLORUM Rose. Cotyledon nudicaule ore Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2: 42. 1903. Not Lam _ 1786
terete, acute, 6-12 cm. long; Ase ane branches dead: ead weak ;
spreading, distinct nearly to the base; stamens 10, a little shorter than the corolla; carpels spreading.
Collected on mossy ledges and crevices of perpendicular cliffs, altitude 350 meters, in San Gabriel Cafion, Los Angeles Co., Cal., by H. E. Hasse, June 21, 1902, and at or near the same station by L. R. Abrams.
tr. Stylophyllum Orcuttii Rose, sp. nov.
Resembling S. attenuatum in its foliage and habit, but stouter and very glaucous; corolla-tube much shorter and shorter even than the calyx, the lobes broader, and more keeled, segments rose-colored, not at all tinged with yellow; calyx-lobes obtusish; anthers red.
— on Coronado Islands by Lieut. Charles F. Pond,
-, June 4, 1889; Initial Monument, C. R. Orcutt, R. D. ee T. S. Brandegee (type) and in cultivation in various botanical gardens.
Mr. Orcutt says of this species: ‘* First collected in 1883 by Miss Fanny E. Fisk, at Sanzal, on Todos Santos bay, Lower California ; later found growing abundantly at the initial Mexican boundary monument, near San Diego, California, by C. R. Orcutt and others, and living material sparingly distributed as C. attenuata, rom which it differs chiefly in its inflorescence. Corolla tinged with rose purple, not yellow as in C. attenuata. This and C. attenuata 1 cannot distinguish in cultivation except by the flowers,
(37)
both are glaucous or at length glabrous and bright apple-green.” Recognized first by Dr. E. L. Greene as a new species, but not published by him.
Mr. Brandegee also recognized this as an undescribed species, and it is labelled as such in his private herbarium.
12. Stylophyllum Parishii Britton, sp. nov.
Stems not as thick as in S. edule, somewhat glaucous; flower- ing branches 2-3 dm. high, rather weak, glabrous; inflorescence paniculate ; pedicels 5 mm. long or less; calyx 5-parted, the lobes 4 mm. long, broadly oblong with rounded apex; corolla-segments
long, yellowish (?); stamens ro, borne on the corolla at the top of the tube; carpels united only near the base.
Pala, San Diego Co., Cal.; collected by S. B. and W. F. Par- ish, June, 1880 (no. ini
HASSEANTHUS Rose, gen. nov.
Ste several, arising from small globose or oblong corms. Basal ie linear, terete, narrowed below into flattened petioles ; stem-leaves narrowly ovate, turgid but somewhat flattened. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla-segments united at base into a short tube, yellow or white changing to purple. Carpels 5, united at base (?), widely spreading.
Named in honor of Dr. H. E. Hasse.
Type species, Sedum vartegatum S. Wats.
1. HassEANTHUS BLOCHMANAE (Eastw.) Rose. Sedum Blochmanae Eastw. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. II. 6: 422. pl. 53. 1896. Along the road to Pt. Sal near Casmailia beach, Santa Barbara Co., California.
2. HassEANTHUS VARIEGATUS (S. Wats.) Rose. Sedum variegatum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 137. 1876. San Diego Co., California.
3. Hasseanthus elongatus Rose, sp. nov. Resembling 7. varéegatus, but with long slender stems and cyme- branches, linear elongated leaves, oblong calyx-lobes, and bce yellow corolla; the leaves not at all variegate ed. Collected on the San Joaquin Hills, Orange Co., Cal., by L. R. Abrams, June, 1901 (no. 1785).
(38) 4. Hasseanthus multicaulis sp. nov.
Perennial oye an ed corm 2-3 cm. long. Stems >S, rathe
yellow tinged with red, 7-8 mm. long, slightly united at base; stamens 10, borne on hace of corolla-segments; carpels widely spreading (?) in age. nown only from Los Angeles Co., Cal., where it has been
collected by H. E. Hasse on sterile clay bluffs near Santa Monica, April, 1891 (type), May 11, 1891 (no. 5241), and May, 1902, at which time flowering specimens were sent to the writer.
It differs from A. varzegatus in the shape of the corms, stouter and not glaucous stems, obtuse buds and subsessile flowers.
RHODIOLA L.
Perennials with a woody and somewhat branching rootstock. peas broad and comparatively thin. Flowers dioecious or poly- gamous, 4- or 5-parted. Corolla el yellowish or greenish. Ce erect. Style very short or no
Type species, R. rosea L.
1. RuopioLa RosEA L. Sp. Pl. 1035. 1753. Sedum roseum Scop. Fl. Carn. Ed. 2, 326. 1772. Sedum Rhodiola DC. Pl. Grasses, pl. 147. 1805. Newfoundland and Greenland to Alaska, south to Maine; two isolated stations in eastern Pennsylvania. Also in Europe.
2. Rhodiola Neomexicana Britton, sp. nov.
tems ed very leafy, 1-2.5 dm. high; leaves linear-oblong, narrowed a oth ends, entire, acute or obtusish, 2-3 cm. lon
2~3 cm. broad, the pistillate ones smaller; pedicels shorter than the petals or equalling them; petals linear-lanceolate, cucullate at the apex, longer than the linear calyx-segments; filaments one half longer than the petals.
On White Mountain Peak, Lincoln Co., New Mexico, at 3,500 meters, collected by E. O. Wooton, Aug. 1, 1901.
(39)
3. Rhodiola Alaskana Rose, sp. nov.
Resembling #. zxtegréfolia, a usually taller and more slender (often 20 cm. high), usually quite pale and appearing glaucous in herbarium specimens; leaves Arent acute, 2-2.5 cm. long, strongly toothed in the upper third, drying very thin; petals purplish, obtuse; carpels 4-6 mm. long, gradually tapering into a slender style 1-1.5 mm. long.
Coast of southern Alaska. Type from Misty Harbor, Nagai Island, Alaska, C. H. Townsend, July 22, 1893.
4. RHODIOLA INTEGRIFOLIA Raf. Atl. Journ. 1: 146. 1832.
Sedum rhodioloides Raf. @. c. 1832.
Sedum Rhodiola Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 206. 1827. Not DC. 1805.
Sedum frigidum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club, 28: 282. 1gor.
High mountains of Colorado, Nevada and California to Alaska.
5. RHODIOLA POLYGAMA (Rydb.) Britton & Rose. Sedum polygamum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club, 28: 283. 1gor. Mountains of Colorado
6. RuopioLa RoANENsis Britton.
Sedum Roanense Britton; Small, Fl. So. U. S. 497. 1903.
Stems tufted, stout, oe .5-2.7 dm. high; leaves oblanceo- late, entire, or rarely with a few minute teeth, obtusish or acute, narrowed at the base, 2-3 cm. long, 5-9 mm. wide, the aaa
ch smaller and shorter; cymes dense, 2-3 cm. broad; flower ee short-pedicelled; petals lanceolate, purple, or purplish ; fll cles 8-10 mm. long, the short widely spreading beak about 1 long.
On Roan Mountain, Mitchell Co., N. C. Type, collected by Jj. K. Small and A. A. Heller, July 16, 1891.
SEDUM L. Sp. Pl. 430. 1753. Sedum muscoideum Rose, sp. nov.
Perennial, with branching creeping stems; leaves appressed, and closely set on the branches, minute, thickish, obtuse; ee much reduced, consisting of 1 or 2 sessile flowers at the ends of the branches; calyx-lobes obtuse, ovate, 1 mm. long; corolla yellow ; petals lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, a little longer than the stamens.
Arriba de Papalo, Oaxaca, Conzatti & Gonzales, 1898 (no. 777).
Closely resembling Sedum cupressoides, but with yellow flowers. Mr. Hemsley has compared the material with his type of the latter species and agrees with me that it is different.
(40 )
Sedum submontanum Rose, sp. nov.
erennial, much branched and spreading, glabrous throughout ; leaves very closely set or even imbricate, small, 3-5 mm. long, short-
branched cymes, sessile; calyx-lobes leaf-like, short, 1-2 mm. long, rounded at apex; petals narrow, white (or if pink very pale), 5-6 mm. long; scales small, retuse at apex; carpels spreading above.
Collected by J. N. Rose on rockwork in public plaza at Monte Escobado, Zacatecas, August 27, 1897 (no. 2042, type), and by C. G. Pringle on banks and ledges, Sierra de las Cruces, Jalisco, August 12,1893. This little plant was distributed as S. Aforanense from which it differs in its more herbaceous calyx-lobes, and paler and larger flowers.
Sedum calcaratum Rose, sp. nov.
Perennial (?), much branched, 5-8 cm. high, glabrous, more or less purple; leaves linear, ** cylindrical,” obtuse, 10-12 mm. g; alternate and scattered; flowers arranged along one side of the branches, subsessile; calyx-lobes 5, somewhat unequal, 2-3 mm. long, green; stamens 10; scales linear, about two thirds the length of the filaments; petals red, 5 mm. long, obtuse; carpels 5, widely spreading when mature, with long mucronate tips
Collected by C. G. Pringle on thin soil of limestone ledge near El Salto near Dublan, Hidalgo, Mexico, rgo1 (no. 8620).
Sedum oxycoccoides Rose, sp. nov.
Perennial by creeping fleshy rootstocks, with many slender branches arising from the base, glabrous throughout; leaves numer- ous, linear, 8-15 mm. long; flowers in small few-branched cymes, sessile or sometimes short-pedicelled; calyx-segments linear, leaf- like, somewhat unequal, the longer ones as long as petals; petals deep red, lanceolate, acuminate, 10 mm. long, longer than the reddish stamens; carpels free to base, spreading.
Collected by J. N. Rose in deep shady ravines near Santa Teresa, Tepic, August 11, 18947 (no. 2198).
SEDUM MINIMUM Rose.
Sedum Pringle? minus Rob. & Sea. Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 105. 1893. Not S. minus Haw. 1825.
the calyx; filaments 10, only 5 ant er-bearing; scales linear, o mn. long, obtuse or retuse ; carpels united for one third their length ; styles very short.
(41)
Collected by C. G. Pringle on summit of the Nevada de Toluca, State of Mexico, September, 1892 (no. 4240).
Sedum Hemsleanum Rose, sp. nov.
erennial, caulescent, 1-3 dm. high, branching, puberulent; basal leaves in small rosettes, orbicular; stem-leaves linear to lan- ceolate, 2 cm. long, obtuse, puberulent; inflorescence an elongated panicle; flowers eeaale: arranged along one side of the axis; calyx- lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm. long; petals white, 4 mm. long, ovate, acuminate; carpels 5, tipped with long slender styles. Collected by F. Miiller, Orizaba, (no. 322), by C. G. Pringle near Oaxaca City, November, 1894 (no. 6042, type), and by E. W. Nelson on rocks between Petlatcingo and Acatlan, Puebla, November, 1594 (no. 2001).
Sedum australe Rose, sp. nov.
Perennial, procumbent, rooting at the joints; branches woody, tuberculately roughened ; leaves numerous, densely imbricate, terete,
use, 6-7 mm. long, glabrous; inflorescence a short compact
me; calyx-lobes leaf-like, half as long as the petals; petals red- dish-yellow, 7 mm. long, aa on the back below the apex; carpels widely spreading when ure.
Collected by E. W. Nelson on the volcano of Santa Maria, Guatemala, January 24, 1897 (no. 3707).
Sedum Shastense Britton, sp. nov.
Perennial by a slender rootstock, glabrous; a erie erect, or the base decumbent, 6-12 cm. high; leaves lanceolat ob- long-lanceolate, to-15 mm. long, 3-5 mm. oe acute, Slee the narrowed base somewhat prolonged below the axil; cyme small, compact, 2-3 cm. broad; flowers few, sessile or nearly so; calyx- segments ovate to triangular-ovate, acute, about half as long as the petals; petals very thin, lanceolate, acuminate, yellow, strongl nerved, about 8 mm. long, exceeding the stamens and pistils; styles subulate; young follicles erec
North side of Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou County, California, H. E. Brown, July, 1897 (no. 44r).
Sedum Cockerellii Britton, sp. nov.
Perennial, glabrous, branched, 2 dm. high or less; basal leaves not seen; stem-leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, sessile, acute, cm. long, 6 mm. wide or less; cymes 2.6 cm. broad; flowers eps cee calyx- segments nearl linea ear, acute or acutish, a little shorter than the petals; petals linear-lanceolate to linear- obl lanceo- late, acute, 6-S mm. long, white; anthers pink; carpels erect; styles subulate.
( 42)
Tuerto Mountain, east of Santa Fé, New Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell, in 1895 (type); Mt. Carmel, on the Rio Grande, Parry (Mex. Bound. Surv., no. 403).
Sedum (?) guttatum Rose, sp. nov.
Much branched at base, shortly caulescent; leaves glabrous, op- posite, 2 or 4 pairs, 2-3 cm. long, thickish, rounded on the back, broadly channeled on the face, sage-gray color, spotted with purple- black blotches, obtuse; inflorescence terminal, cymose; branches 2 or 3, spreading; pedicels very short; sepals free to the base, oblong, 3-4 mm. long, subequal, green, obtuse; petals narrowly oblong, 5 mm. long, obtuse, apparently reddish, free to the base; stamens 10, shorter than the petals, the 5 opposite the sepals free to the base, the other 5 borne on the petals; scales small, obtuse; carpels 5, distinct to the base, erect; styles about as long as the carpels, slightly spreading.
Common in the crevices of the most exposed rocks on summit of hill at Saltillo, Mexico. Collected by Dr. E. Palmer in 1902 (no. 309) and now in cultivation in Washington.
Sedum naviculare Rose, sp. nov.
Annual; stems simple or branching at base, glabrous, purplish, 5- 10 cm. long; basal leaves not seen; stem-leaves scattered, ‘ spat- ulate, concavo-convex,” obtuse, glabrous, 2-10 mm. lon ; inflo- rescence of 2 or 3 more or less elongated, one-sided racemes ; flowers scattered, subsessile or sometimes very distinctly pedicelled; sepals linear, nearly equal, green, 1.5-3 mm. long; petals free to the base, purplish, ovate-lanceolate, 4 mm. long, obtuse; stamens 10, all decidedly shorter than the petals, those opposite the petals at- tached to them above the base; anthers s ort, purple; scales 5, alternating with the sepals, very distinct, 0.6 mm. long, narrowly club-shaped; carpels erect, glabrous
Collected by C. G. Pringle on the rocky knobs of Sierra de Tepoxtlan, Morelos, altitude 2,250 meters, October 13, 1900 (no. 8384
Sedum Conzattii Rose, sp. nov.
More or less shrubby at base, 3-4 dm. high, branched, puberu- lent; leaves alternate, spatulate, rounded or retuse at apex, 2-3 cm. long, thin; inflorescence a short cyme; sepals about 2 mm. long, free to base; petals white or purplish, 6 mm. long, acute; stamens shorter than the petals; anthers reddish; scales very small.
Collected on Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca, by C. G. Pringle, October 11, 1894 (no. 4982), and by Professors Conzatti and Gonzalez, September 26, 1897 (no. 495, type). This species some-
(43)
what resembles and has been taken for S. oxypetalum, but it is of much more open growth, with lighter colored flowers. It must also be related to S. tortuosum.
Sedum nutans Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, with a thick woody caudex; basal leaves forming a broad rosette, thickish, obovate, 4-7 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. broad at widest point, glabrous; flowering eee about 1 dm. long, bear-
c alge ot parted, its hae linear-oblong, somewhat unequal, 4-6 rounded at apex; petals bright yellow, ovate, 6 mm. ie ae meee 10, Beek to the base; scales retuse; carpels erect. Collected by C. G. Pringle on mossy cliffs of Tepoxtlan, More- los, altitude 2,250 meters, February 8, 1899 (no. 6980).
Sedum Nelsoni Rose, sp. nov.
Caulescent, pices eee above,I—1.5 dm. nee branches brownish and tuberculately roughened; leaves (at least in her- barium specimens) thin and distinctly nerved, ate 2.5-3.5 cm. long, 6-7 mm. broad at widest point, narrowed at base into a rather distinct petiole and extending below the point of insertion into a broad spur; inflorescence a few-flowered cyme; pedicels 4—
. long; sepals distinct, unequal, the longer ones 8 mm. long; petals free (?) to the ie Sea acute, yellowish but ‘with a road reddish stripe on t ack; stamens opposite the petals borne high upon them, the ce attached ae or near their bases; carpels widely spreading from the very base.
Collected by E. W. Nelson on the road between Ayusinapa and Petatlan, Guerrero, Mexico, December 14, 1894 (no. 2191).
Resembling somewhat S. confusum Hemsl., but the flowers are not sessile.
Sedum (?) longipes Rose, sp. nov.
Stems slender, creeping, rooting at the joints; sterile branches
bearing dense rosettes of small orbicular leaves ; flowering branches
obtuse, 2-3 mm. long; petals purple, 4-5 mm. long, lanceolate, apparently keeled near the tip; scales (for the genus very conspicu- ous) strongly 2-lobed, each lobe with several teeth at apex; sta- mens 10, shorter than. the petals.
Collected by C. G. Pringle on the mossy ledges of conglom- erate of the Sierra de Tepoxtlan, Morelos, February 8, 1899 (no. $049)
(44) 16. Sedum Wootoni Britton, sp. nov.
Rootstocks rather stout; stems tufted, slender, erect or ascend- ing, 1-1.5 dm. high, granular-puberulent above, glabrous below; cyme 2.5~5 cm. broad, its branches densely See peas ae pedicels 2 mm. long or less; ieee sessile, 8-14 mm. long, 2.5-5 = wide, the basal and lower ones obovate to spatulate, rare
upper narrowly spatulate to linear-oblong, acute to acuminate ; 7 narrowly ee paar petals white, oblanceolate, acute, longer than the sepals, 6~ m. long ; carpels erect, subulate-tipped.
Organ Mountains, New ees 2,000 m. altitude, E. O. Wooton, September 17, 1895.
Sedum Californicum Britton, sp. nov.
Rootstock rather stout, nearly horizontal; stems erect, stout, 1.5-2 dm. high; basal leaves and those of rosettes spatulate, obtuse, 1-3 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, the flabellately arranged veins unit- ing in an intramarginal nerve; stem-leaves linear-oblong to oblong- spatulate, acute to acutish, about cm. long; cyme large , 6-1ocm.
pedicels 3 mm. long or less; sepals ovate, acutish or estat about 2 mm. long, one fourth to one third as long as the narrowly lanceo- late, white, long-acuminate petals ; ae broad, peed finely reticulated, the subulate tips ascen ndin
North side of Mount Shasta, Sistivod County, California, 1600- 3,000 m. altitude, H. E. Brown, June 11-16, 1897 (no. 336).
Sedum Yosemitense Britton, sp. nov.
Perennial by rootstocks, very fleshy, oe basal leaves obovate-orbicular to broadly obovate, 1 cm. long or less, 6-g mm. wide, rounded at the ape. green, not lau a or scarcely so; flowering stems 1-1.5 dm. high, slender, their leaves spatulate- obovate to oblong, obtuse, small; cyme Learn , 5 cm. broad or less, rather densely owered ; pedicels stout, 0.5-2.5 mm. long; calyx deeply cleft, its lobes ovate- lanceolate, acute or acutish; petals light yellow, lanceolate, acuminate, 6-S mm. long, twice as long as the calyx or longer; follicles somewhat divergent, tipped with filiform styles
Yosemite National Park, Cal. Type collected by H. M. Hall and E. B. Babcock, between Vernal and Nevada Falls, July, 1902 (no. 3425). oo
Sedum diversifolium Rose, sp. nov.
Sterile branches short, with small ovate flattened pale roughened leaves; flowering g branches elongated, weak, glabrous, with scat- tered leaves; leaves 5-10 mm. long, turgid, somewhat curved
(45)
backward, pale green, smooth; flowers terminal, solitary, short-
pedu incleds inconspicuous; sepals leaf-like, obtuse, 2-3 mm long; petals pale yellow, twice the length of the sepals, ovate, acute, or even apiculate; stamens 10, much shorter than the petals.
Living specimens collected in state of Mexico by J. N. Rose (no. 248), and flowered in greenhouses of Department of Agricul- ture, and of New York Botanical Garden, December, rgo1.
SEDELLA Britton & Rose, gen. nov.
Diminutive Californian annuals, with small ovate to ovate-oblong leaves and small yellow cymose flowers. Calyx with 5 very small, triangular acute teeth. Petals linear to ovate-lanceolate, united at the base, spreading (?) Stamens1o. Carpels oblong, 1-seeded, the seed erect.
Type species, Sedum pumilum Benth.
1. SEDELLA PUMILA (Benth.) Britton & Rose. Sedum pumtlum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 310. 1849. California.
2. SEDELLA Concpon! (Eastw.) Britton & Rose. Sedum Congdoni Eastw. Proc. Cal. Acad. ITI. 1: 135. pl. rz. 1898. Grant’s Springs, Mariposa County, California.
The Flora of the Matawan Formation (Crosswicks Clays). By EDWaRD W. BERRY.
INTRODUCTION.
Some of the earliest of American geological writings refer to the New Jersey Cretaceous, and the accessibility of this area has ever since made it a favorite field for investigation. Interest for a long time centered about the marl deposits and those of the plastic clays because of their economic impor- tance; the present Matawan formation was included in the ‘‘ plastic clay and sand formation” of the geologists of the first half of the nineteenth century, and their stratigraphic posi- tion was considered to be Lower Cretaceous by Rogers in his first report published in 1840, although they were not clearly
( 46)
defined by him. Professor Cook from 1863 until his death in 1889 published annual reports as state geologist of New Jersey and early subdivided the Cretaceous into the three marl beds, the clay-marls and the plastic clays. The Cre- taceous was extensively summarized and described by him in the Geology of New Jersey, published in 1868, the clay-marls being divided into a lower member of clay containing green- sand and an upper member consisting of laminated sands The thickness of the formation was placed at 277 feet, 170 feet for the upper, and 107 feet for the lower member, and over a dozen localities were enumerated where the clay-marls were dug as fertilizer. In 1891 Professor William Bullock Clark commenced a study of the coastal series of New Jersey which has been in progress ever since. Three official reports have been published: a Preliminary Report,* a Report of Progress,f and a Final Report;{+ besides numerous other papers from which many of the following facts in regard to the areal distribution and thickness of the Matawan forma- tion have been quoted.
The name Clay-marls was proposed by Cook; his char- acterization was incomplete, however, and was confined almost entirely to their development in northern New Jersey. This name does not adequately designate the formation lithologi- cally and has been superseded by the name Matawan formation of Clark. The Matawan is separated from the Piedmont plateau by a tract of Raritan, or Lower Cre- taceous, which is some ten to fifteen miles wide. The Mata- wan is nine to twelve miles wide in Monmouth county, becoming narrower to the southward, being reduced to about six miles in width in southern New Jersey; on the western shore of the Delaware river in Delaware it is further reduced to from two to three miles; further south on the eastern shore of Maryland it broadens, being about five miles wide
*Ann. Rep. State Geol. N. J. 1892: 167-245. 1893. (Clay-marls, pp. 186-190.
+ Ann. Rep. State Geol. N. J. 1893: 329-355. 1894.
tAnn. Rep. State Geol. N. J. 1897: 161-210, 1898.
@Jour. Geol. 2: 163. 1894.
(47)
below the Sassafras river; on the western shore in Anne Arundel county the areal distribution is variable on account of the broken character of the country, but is on the whole narrower; further south, in Prince George county, it forms but a narrow strip less than a mile in width.
The materials are variable; sands and clays predominate. The sands are sometimes white and coarse, but more com- monly fine-grained and colored by iron, even causing local induration, or they may be mixed with argillaceous materials forming silvery micaceous sand, or chocolate-colored marl, glauconite grains being present in greater or less amounts. The clays are generally black or drab, locally carrying seams and pockets of glauconite; occasionally they are calcareous as a result of their molluscan contents.
The thickness is variable, but becomes reduced to the southward. It increases considerably to the southeast, judg- ing from the well records.* In northern Burlington count the Matawan is less than 200 feet thick; east of Philadelphia and Camden it is 125 feet; in Gloucester county it is 175 feet in places; in Salem county it is 80 feet; in Delaware not over 60 feet; near the mouth of the Sassafras river in Mary- land it is 100 feet; in eastern Anne Arundel county it is 60 feet; in western Anne Arundel county and Prince George county it is thinner, until at Fort Washington bluffs it is a little more than 15 feet. Its farthest known southern appear- ance is in the valley of Piscataway creek; on the opposite shore of the Potomac the Eocene rests directly on the Poto- mac formation.
Long thought to conformably overlie the Raritan, an un- conformity is now known to exist, although the time interval was not very great. Along Raritan Bay in the vicinity of Cheesequake creek where the upper Raritan contains dark- colored clays, the interbedded sands and clays gradually grade from Raritan into the Matawan. Further inland and to the southward the interval was greater since the Matawan gradually transgresses the Raritan and comes to rest, in cen-
* Woolman, Ann. Rep. State Geol. N. J. 1895 . 63-95. 1896.
(48)
tral and southern Maryland, upon the lower members of the Potomac group which are not represented in New Jersey. Elsewhere in New Jersey the upper Raritan consists of white sands or fine gravel and the line of contact is sharp, except where it is obscured by Tertiary or later deposits. The Mat- awan is conformably overlain by the lower Monmouth forma- tion; the lithological differences are clearly marked, however.
In its northern portion the Matawan is readily separable upon lithological grounds into Crosswicks Clays and Hazlet Sands; outside of New Jersey in Delaware and Maryland these divisions cannot be recognized with any certainty. The Crosswicks Clays consist of slate or drab-colored clays with thin seams and pockets of glauconite, becoming dark, almost black, locally interstratified with white sand, contain- ing much lignite and beds of leaves on Raritan Bay. The lignified trunk of a large tree was found in the clays in this vicinity, as well as many fragments. Further southward the clays become brittle, more arenaceous and micaceous and contain less iron sulphide. The Hazlet Sands are highly ferruginous, brown in color, with indurated crusts in their lower layers; above these there is frequently a well-developed layer of dark-colored clay, overlain with very micaceous sands, which are sometimes dark-colored, especially toward the south where they are also argillaceous.
In his report on surface geology Professor R. D. Salisbury states * that his assistant, Mr. G. N. Knapp, distinguished five layers in the clay-marls and traced them across the state. These he designates Merchantville bed (marly clay), Wood- bury bed (dove-colored clay), Columbus bed (sand), Mar- shalltown bed (marly-clay sand), and Wenonah bed (sand). These features, although more or less marked, are not sharply defined throughout the entire area of the Matawan, and Pro- fessor Clark has never attempted to name or map any subdi- visions other than the lower clay member and the upper sandy member.
The Matawan is abundantly fossiliferous, especially along
* Ann. Rep. State Geol. N. J. 1898: 35. 1899.
(49)
Crosswicks and Pensauken creeks. Clark enumerates 86 species of inveriebrates, mostly molluscs, and Lewis Wool- man in his artesian well reports has added several others, as has also Mr. C. W. Johnson,* who points out their identity with the Ripley fauna of the Gulf region. Other remains include sharks’ teeth ; Foraminifera, of which 20 species are recorded by Bagg; tf echinus and other spines; Ostracoda ; gavial (?) teeth; dinosaurian bones; { etc.
The exposure fronting on Raritan Bay near Cliffwood, N. J., and forming a bluff some thirty feet high northwest of Matawan creek, has been admirably described by Hollick,§ who records obscure crustacean and molluscan remains, from which Professor Whitfield identified eight species of molluscs, and enumerates twenty-six species of plants, of which ten were new. I have found some few molluscan re- mains here, occurring in the ferruginous concretions picked up on the beach, from which Professor Clark has identified the following: /donearca vulgaris Morton, Veleda lintea Conrad, Cardium sp., Turritella vertebroides Morton and one or two other species, new to the formation, not yet thor- oughly studied.
I have nothing to add to the details of the exposure. It is capped with gravel and in places consists of regularly alter- nating beds of fine sand several inches thick and seams of comminuted vegetable matter an inch or two in thickness (pl. 56). These are replaced by alternating beds of clay and sand with lignite, and sparingly with greensand. The face of the bluff is almost entirely hidden as shown in J/, 55, and while the majority of my plant remains have been collected from dropped boulders of clay, all have come from near the base of the exposure except the large cone (Seguoza sp.). These plant beds are some distance above the base of the formation, however, and their preserva-
* New arene Fossils from an Artesian Well-boring at Mount Laurel, N.J. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1898: 461-464. 1898.
{Ann. Rep. State Geol. N. J. 1896: 248. 1897.
@ Trans. N. VY. Acad. Sci. 16: 124-136. pl. 17-74. 1897.
(50)
tion is due in a large measure to the character of the ma- terials, as vegetable remains are abundant in the form of lig- nite, forming thin seams intercalated in the sands nearly to the top of the exposure. The various layers are not con- tinuous for any distance along the bluff and evidently indi- cate an inshore shallow fresh-water deposit which as time progressed gradually became marine through encroachments of the sea; the upper layers of sand with thin seams of com- minuted vegetable matter indicating changed conditions and deposits in less quiet waters.
It is quite evident that sufficient material has not yet been accumulated to warrant an exhaustive discussion of the flora. Iam enabled to enumerate sixty-seven different species of plants of which fourteen are new; of these sixty-seven species some nineteen are of doubtful affinities, such as the various species of Carpolithus, Arisaema, Podozamites, Phragmites, and the various fragments provisionally determined. There are present, however, in great abundance, such characteristic mid-Cretaceous forms as Dammara, Cunninghamites, Dewal- guea, Moriconza, Salix flexuosa, Proteoides daphnogeneoides, Sassafras acutilobum, Laurus plutonta, Sapindus Morrison, Andromeda Parlatortt, etc.
ora has more in common with the middle (Wood- bridge) stage of the Raritan than with the other layers of that formation, eleven of the seventeen identical species oc- curring there, but this is undoubtedly due to the fact that this horizon is the best known; the upper Raritan (South Amboy) layers have not been sufficiently exploited to give us a clear idea of the vegetation prevalent when they were deposited. Forty-nine of the Matawan species have not as yet been found in the Raritan, although two of these are found on Long or Staten Island in beds probably of Raritan age. While this comparison might argue a considerable interval between the two formations, it remains to be pointed out that the following ten species are confined to the Raritan of New Jersey or the Islands and the Matawan formations on this continent: Chondrites fexuosus, Getnitzia formosa, Cunning-
(51)
hamites elegans, Moriconia cyclotoxon, Magnolia Woodbridg- ensts, Laurophyllum angustifolium, Aralia palmata, Ficus Woolsont, Paliurus tntegrifolius and Celastrophyllum New- berryanum, and all except possibly Paliurus and Chondrites with well-characterized remains. Of the numerous species which are identical with those of the Dakota group of the West only eight are confined to the Dakota and Matawan formations. There are twenty-three species identical with Dakota group forms, but it may be remarked that the latter horizon is not precisely defined and its flora is exceptionally well known.
Fifteen of the Matawan species are found in the Raritan Cretaceous of the islands; nine occurring on Staten Island, eight on Long Island, seven on Martha’s Vineyard, and four on Block Island. Eleven of the Matawan species reappear in the Atane beds of Greenland, and one additional in the Patoot beds; of these several are dominant forms of great vertical or areal distribution, or both, and thus have little sig- nificance; such forms are Seguota Leichenbachi, Sapindus Morrisoni, Laurus plutonta and Andromeda Parlatori. Others are more suggestive; thus, exclusive of its occurrence in the clays at Aachen, Aorzconza is confined to the ancient Atlantic coastal plain and Greenland, and its remains are com- mon; several species of Magnolia emphasize the similarity of these floras, as does the presence of the large-leaved Aralia avniana. This species is confined to the Atane and Mata- wan floras in so far as I can judge from the published descrip- tions or figures of Aralias, and its remains are unmistakably characterized. Dewalguea Groenlandica is also confined to these floras. With the Potomac flora as elaborated by Fon- taine there seems to be no affinity, and the time that elapsed between them must have been very long.
Of species which occur in the Cenomanian of Europe we have Geinitzia formosa, Sequoia Rerchenbachi, Cunning- hamuites squamosus, Cunninghamites elegans, Moriconta cyclo- toxon, Sassafras acutilobum, Laurus plutonta, Banksia pusilla, Sapindus apiculatus and Eucalyptus Geinitz:, a
(52)
total of ten species or over 15 per cent.; or, on excluding doubtful species such as those of Banksia, Eucalyptus and Sapindus, and such wide ranging forms as Seqguota Frecchen- bacht, over g per cent.
The most striking feature about the Matawan flora is the entire absence of ferns, which form 5 ¥% per cent. of the Raritan flora, Anemia stricta being commonly found at Woodbridge. Ferns form 1% per cent. of the Dakota flora, 11 per cent. of the Atane flora, and about 2 per cent. of the existing New Jersey flora. In the most recent southern flora with which the Mata- wan may be compared, that of Alabama,* sixty-two species of Pteridophytes are listed forming about 214 per cent., and this percentage would be greatly increased if we excluded herbaceous plants, which as a rule do not occur as fossils. It is dificult to account for the absence of this order, as the balance of the flora is proportionally normal, containing nearly 11 per cent. of Coniferae against 114 per cent. in the Raritan and 10 per cent. in the Atane beds. Presumably the environ- ment was unsuited to ferns, although, of course, future dis- covery may disclose them. Judging by such forms as Dam- mara, Araucariies, Eucalyptus, Sterculia, Aralia, Myrsine, Ficus, etc., we may infer that the climate was considerably warmer than at the present day in this latitude, and at least suf- ficiently humid to make the absence of ferns remarkable. A palm (Serenops?s) occurs at Glen Cove, Long Island,{ and the Raritan furnishes many additional representatives of genera which are exclusively tropical at the present time, as for instance Cinnamomum, Bauhinia, ete.
Plants especially abundant in the Raritan formation and for which we have repeatedly searched in the Matawan are Thinnfeldia subintegrifolia (Lesq.) Knowlton, Tricarpellites striatum Newb., and Trcalycites papyraceus Newb. The genera Myrica (7 sp.) and Lirdodendron, (4 sp.) which are abundantly developed in the Raritan, and on the islands, have
* Mohr, Plant Life of Alabama. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. v. 6. :
t Dr. Hollick writes that material recently collected may result in altering his views as to the botanical affinity of these remains.
(53)
thus far been found wanting. Other Raritan genera which do not appear in the Matawan formation are Menrspermites, Diospyros, Cissttes, Ilex, Ctnnamomum, Dalbergia, Bau- hinta, Colutea, Planera, Viburnum, juglans, etc.; several of these occur in the upper layers of the Raritan, and future search ought to disclose some of them in the Matawan. Celastrophyllum with abundant remains of ten species in the Raritan (all horizons) has but two species in the Matawan, one of these being new and unrelated to any of the known Raritan species. Widdringtonztes is abundant in the Raritan as are also Salix inaequalis and Hedera primordialis; Myr- stne borealis Heer is one of the commonest leaves at all locali- ties in the Raritan, as Seguoza heterophylla Vel. is one of its commonest conifers. Celastrus arctica is abundant at South Amboy, and should extend up into the Matawan. Numerous specimens of Ophioglossum granulatum are also found in the Raritan according to Newberry (localities not given). The genus Aralza, so abundantly represented in the Raritan, con- tinued to develop during Matawan time. We record six species, the large-leaved Avalia Ravniana emphasizing the similarity of these Atlantic coastal Cretaceous floras with those of Greenland. It is of course quite possible, indeed it seems probable, that these numerous species of Ara/za may for the most part be the variable leaves of a considerably less number ot actual species ; especially is this so of the Raritan species. This is the extreme northeastern extension of the Matawan, and the only locality where plant remains have been found, although the underlying Raritan continues northeastward as far as Buzzard’s Bay and doubtfully on Cape Cod. This northeastern extension has been much modified by forces which acted upon it during the Quaternary age and is for the most part entirely covered with drift or totally eroded, and if the Matawan formerly extended so far north and east this has been its fate. Professor Lester F. Ward* proposed the name Island series for the northeastern extension of the Raritan and makes it the uppermost member of the Potomac,
*Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. 15: 335, 335- 1895.
(54)
unrepresented in New Jersey. Hollick would consider it the equivalent of the New Jersey Raritan, its distinctive char- acters being due to morainal action, with which view I entirely concur.
From the evidence of the flora alone we would consider the Matawan slightly more recent than the Raritan; a direct continuation of the latter, however, with several species added which are unknown from the Raritan. Thus, aside from the dissimilar species due to our imperfect knowledge of the flora of the two formations it remains to be pointed out that the occurrence of elumbo argues a somewhat later age for the Matawan, as this genus is not found below the Belly River Cretaceous on this continent.* Time must also have elapsed for the development or introduction of the various species of Sterculia which are found here as well as for the changed species of Avalia. The scarcity (absence) of ferns, the ab- sence of Brachyphyllum which is essentially a Lower Cre- taceous genus, and the much larger leaved Moriconza all point to a somewhat later time than the Raritan.
The Matawan, then, represents the transition period from the Lower to the Upper Cretaceous, when marine conditions replaced fresh-water estuarine conditions; and the flora is undoubtedly the latest Cretaceous flora of the Atlantic coastal plain which has been preserved. Professor Ward suggests that this ancient coastal plain may have extended to Green- land, but no evidence other than the remarkable similarity of the floras is known.
Just a word in regard to the remains. In common with the vast majority of New Jersey Clay specimens, the Matawan plants were hermetically sealed in the clay and slowly car- bonized, so that when reéxposed to the air, the thick sheet of lignite dries, becoming cracked, and is soon dissipated, leaving only a faint impression behind. This has for years proved an obstacle to the proper investigation of these floras and it is only with the discovery of leaf-layers carrying con-
* Dr, Hollick has found Ne/uméo on Martha’s Vineyard and Long Island, the latter locality as yet unpublished, which vitiates the above statement.
(55 )
*zo61
"pg 11 “TT ‘aomerog || *L6gr ‘[‘°N ‘Joan 37849 ‘doy ‘any ?
“$6gr *L6€-Lof : G1 ‘AIng ‘[oay ‘Sg ‘pn ‘dey ‘uuy t
‘b6gr ‘LAI-I9t :z ‘Joa ‘anof “v6gr ‘zgh-64b :9 ‘MY ‘d0g ‘JoayH [ng] ‘zg TING “ANG ‘Josy -g ‘A ‘sIodeg MOT}ETATION y “sBlrpL-vinf qoarg somef | od] O° die yqoouueyeddey B a (a) oissemf saddy | FORA JONOW | * ‘HOTEMLIOJ sty} 2 S aemojzog WOd aJe sayeiqaziaa 31S ppuniy QS Zio -seinf pasoddns s,qsreyy BB gla ai 3/8 ; yae1D emby Blo mor oosdeyed —|— TeyTIeY shelp onsetg | §.| S -BUTIOJ SIq} jo sainsod iz : Bie -KQ [BOO] 9q 0} Pay sor ® ® -1as Sutieaq-yueld s,preyy Sule yeeoe tee oe (2) 940 nosy a > rg i= URE Y uvednnqyy | "9 ry B 416 a || suIqqia 29 AIeIO (‘saytag pueysy) 8 5 SOAP Eee ee ae ig an 8 : she DIMSSOID spe £e9 { tees ZH TEMPE UPALPEYY sprery AepD S ~~ “pag PML ( spues [amne’y JA snoaoeyaiy YUISSAEN, Se MOT 2. JOMO'T pues S[IeP] YUISOACN > WnowmMTOT 5 spuespay ( spurg yueqpay raddn, yarg pox 2 “STIR s[ieus [James i) 21PPHA f spuesoumly, UMOWSINTA Repco SBOOOUBY STB STPPHA | o uenbseuryy a *poq jzem ssddn pio uenbseue yy ped wen seddq c. JIATY AVYS au9007q g 7 eD “aM } prem “aT +5 AM | x NGM CV 'D
(56)
siderably less carbonaceous matter that much progress can be made. All of my specimens have been sketched immediately, before becoming dry, so that they are fairly satisfactory; the specimens however might almost be thrown away as far as concerns their value as types.
While usage would sanction the designation of poor speci- mens of doubtful botanical affinities as ‘‘ sp.” after referring them provisionally or otherwise to some genus, which prac- tice is supposed to obviate any undue definiteness on the part of the describer; the writer in these notes has followed the laudable practice of Professor Ward, as quoted above, in be- lieving that whatever is worth mentioning is worth a name.
Acknowledgment is due Dr. Arthur Hollick, of the New York Botanical Garden, and Professor W. B. Clark, of Johns Hopkins University, for material assistance. The specimens are all deposited at the New York Botanical Garden.
CONIFERAE. Geinitzia Endl. Syn. Conif. 280. 1847.
This is an entirely extinct genus of the Taxodieae with several species on both sides of the Atlantic: G. cretacea Unger (Austria), G. formosa Heer (America and Quedlin- burg), G. hyperborea (Greenland), G. sp., from the Da- kota, and G. Jenney7 Font. from the Lower Cretaceous of the Black Hills. It was founded by Endlicher in his Synopsis Coniferarum to include certain forms referred by Geinitz to Sedites and Araucarttes and by Corda to Cryptomeréa. Among the former was Araucarites Retchenbacht of Geinitz, which Heer in 1868 identified with the living genus Sequoza. Since that date this plant has been almost uniformly called Sequota Retchenbacht, and many place Endlicher’s Geindtzta cretacea under it as asynonym. Others retain the older forms under Gecnztzia. Ward contends that the retention of the genus Geznitzza logically carries Seguota Reichenbachi with it into that genus as the type, while on the other hand the recognition of Seguoda Rerchenbacht logically abolishes the genus Geinitzra.
(57)
GEINITZIA FORMOSA Heer.
Geinttzia formosa Heer, Kreidefl. Quedlinburg (Neue Denkschr. Schweiz. Ges. 24:) 6. fl. 1. f. 9; pl. 2. 1871. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 51. p/. 9. fi. 9. 1896. (Foliage.) MHollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 129. pl. 12. f. 1, 2. 1897. (Cones.)
Foliage has somewhat the appearance of that of Seguora Feeichenbach?, but the leaves are more crowded. Not col- lected by me.
Raritan: Woodbridge, N. J. Matawan: Cliffwood, N. J., foliage not found. Europe: Moletein, Quedlinburg.
Sequoia Endl. Syn. Conif. 197. 1847.
The genus is unique in that it contains but two dwindling representatives of its former numerous species, one of which is the most majestically graceful of trees. These two species have barely held their own through the vicissitudes of cen- turies since the glacial period in the little strip of country where the climate is locally favorable. Many fossil species have been described, ranging upward from the Upper Jurassic ; about forty-four from this continent alone, some of them with a great lateral and vertical range.
Potomac 12, Kootanie 6, Trinity 1, Ft. Pierre 1, Chey- enne Sandstone 2, Raritan 7, Island Raritan 2, Dakota 6, Belly River 3, Montana 4, Vancouver 1, Laramie 4, Can- adian Upper Laramie 3, Lignitic 1, Livingston 1, Ft. Union 2, Green River 4, Alaskan Eocene 3, Miocene 3, Payette 1, Kome beds of Greenland 5, Atane beds of Greenland 5, Patoot beds of Greenland 5, Tertiary of Greenland 6, of which 4 occur in Europe and 2 on the continent of North America.
Heer records two species from the Tertiary of Siberia, and Ettingshausen records species from the Tertiaries of eastern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.
SEQUOIA GRACILLIMA (Lesq.) Newb. FV. 48. f. 27, 22. Glyptostrobus gracillimus Lesq. Am. Jour. Sci. I. 46: 92. 1868; Cret. Fl. 52. pl. 7. f. 8, rr, rif. 1874; Cret.
(58)
& Tert. Fl. 32. pl. 7. f. 6, 66. 1883. ‘Cone of Sequoia” (not described) Ill. Cret. & Tert. Pl. pl. zz. f. 9. 1878. Fl. Dak. Group, 36. 1892.
Sequoia gracillina Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 50. f/. 9 Sf. 1-3. 1896; Later Ext. Fl. 19. pl. 7g. f. 6; pl. 26. f. 9(?).* 1898.
The earliest mention of what is presumably this species is in a contribution by Newberry,t in which he refers to cones occurring in the Cretaceous Clays near Keyport (probably this is the Cliffwood locality) which he referred to Gecnztzia, and associated branches which he referred to UMmannia Goepp. In his posthumous Later Extinct Floras, these cones are referred to Sequoia gracillima; in the Flora of the Am- boy Clays, which was also issued posthumously, he makes the same reference and compares them to Heer’s Sequoza mac- rolepis (Fl). Foss. Arct. 7: 16. pl. 57. f. 13) considering them identical.
Hollick describes two cones from Cliffwood as Geznztzia Jormosa Heer. They are much distorted and incrusted with pyrites and possibly should be referred to Seguota gracillima. Cones of this species are very common, the silicified ones washing out of the clay on the beach and the lignified ones occurring in considerable abundance in place in the clays. I have in my collection the remains of 32 cones, some of them nearly perfect and but slightly compressed, and I have refrained from collecting innumerable poor specimens seen. The largest is 8.5 cm. long, cylindrical, somewhat flattened, measuring 14 mm. in its shorter diameter and 18 mm. in its longer diameter. Most of them average nearly this thick- ness but are somewhat shorter, being about 7 cm. long.
Matawan: Cliffwood, N. J. (foliage not found).
Raritan (?): Keyport, N. J.
Cheyenne Sandstone: Belvidere, Kansas. Dakota Group: Sioux City, Iowa. Cretaceous (Dakota?): Whetstone Creek, New Mexico.
* Questioned by Hollick, editor of Newberry’s work. Proc. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 2: 10. 1873.
(59)
Kootanie, British Northwest Terr. (Table of dist., Lesq. Fl. Dak. Gr., 222.) Forks of Pine River, Northwest Terr.*
Sequoia ReicuHensacui (Gein.) Heer. Fl. 48. fi 15, 76, I7, 20.
Araucarites Retchenbachi Geinitz, Characteristik Schich- ten und Petrefacten Sachs-bohm. Kreidegebirges, 3: 98. pl. 24. fi 4. 1842.
Cryptomeria primaeva Corda; Reuss, Verstein. Bohm. Kreidef. 89. pl. 48. f. r-rr. 1846.
? Getnitzia cretacea Endl. Syn. Conif. 281. 1847.
Araucaria Reichenbachi Debey, Entwurf. Geogn.-geoge- net. Darst. Gegend Aachen 63, 64. (Nachtrage) 1849.
Sequota Reichenbach Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 1: 83. pl. 43. jf. id, 26, 5a. 1868; 3: 77, 101, 126. pl. 20. f. 7-8 Pls T2e0Je GOy-Gs Pl. 28..J. 22187534: 50:-(Cape Staratschin, Spitzbergen) ; 6’: 16, 52. f/. 28. f. 7. 1882. Lesq. Cret. Flora, 51. £1. 2. f. 10, rob. 1874; Fl. Dak. ea 35. pl. 2. f. g. 1892. Dawson, Trans. Roy.
. Can. 21. 1882. Fontaine, Potomac Flora, 243. 31. er LoD G3 Pl. PIO. J. 1755 Pl. 120. F~ 7485 Pl. 122. f. 2; pl. 167. f. 5. 1889. Newberry, Fl. Amboy Clays, 49. pl. 9. f. 19. 1896. MHollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12: 30. pl. 7. f. 78. 1892; 16: 128. Pl. 72. SJ. 36, 5. 1897.
Abietites dubius Lesq. Tert. Flora, 81. p/. 6. f. 20, 27, 2ra. 1878.
Our specimens from near Cliffwood are possibly related to the fragments which Hollick refers to Ge¢uctzza formosa Heer, but I think this is rather unlikely, as his specimens are much more elongated and more like the cones of Seguora gracillima. 1 feel certain that these cones are those of this species rather than fragments or immature cones of some other, for while the specimens preserved are rather frag- mentary, resembling except in length those cones of Sequova ” * Lesquereux figures (Tert. Fl. p/. 65. 4. 5, 5a) fragments of cones from the Green River group (Tertiary) at Castellos Ranch, Colorado, which are very similar if not identical with this species.
( 60)
gracillima which have become lignified instead of silici- fied, I found one nearly perfect cone, which was about 3 cm. in length by about 2 cm. in diameter, which agreed almost exactly with Heer’s figures of this species.
This was unfortunately smashed in transit, so that I now have only the recollection of it, which is not apt to be con- sidered good evidence. However, my first thought on un- covering it was that it was a cone of S. Feichenbachi. The foliage of this species is rather common in the clays at this point and we would reasonably expect to find the cones; the former are very fragmentary. Poorly preserved branchlets of Cunninghamites squamosus can often be traced for several inches, but the Seguoza remains are usually not over an inch inlength. The leaves are less closely set than in C. sguamo- sus and longer, often 9 to 10 mm., much more slender and more spreading.
The best known localities for this species are:
True Laramie and Livingston Beds: Bozeman coal field, Montana. Montana Formation: Point of Rocks, Wyoming. Raritan: Woodridge, N. J. Matawan: Clifford, N.J. Belly River series: Belly River, Canada. Potomac Formation: Dutch Gap Canal and Fredericksburg, Va. Dakota Group: Ft. Harker, Kansas. Kootanie: Great Falls, Montana. Kome Beds: Pattorfik, Avkrusak, Angiarsut, Erkorfat, Kaersuarsuk. Atane Beds: Unter Atanekerdluk. Europe: Wernsdorf (Urgonian) Saxony (Cenomanian), Quedlinburg, Moletein (Senonian), Rainberg bei Salzburg, Brandenberg, Tyrol, southern France (Turonian), Clays at Aachen, Prussia, Quadersandstein at Hartz, Bohemia. Cretaceous: Totten- ville, Staten Island. Lower Cretaceous: Black Hills.
While this species had a wide vertical and areal distribu- tion ranging from the Upper Jurassic through the Cretaceous, it is best developed in the Lower Cretaceous.
SEQUOIA REICHENBACHI (Gein) Heer.? Pl. 48. f. 78. An oval shaped cone 3 cm. in diameter by 4 cm. long, too obscure for exact determination. It resembles some of the
(6r)
cones from the Potomac formation which Fontaine refers to this genus. Is about the same size and character as the cone of Seguota Reichenbachi which Ward figures from the Black Hills (Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 19’: 674. pl. 166. f. 7).
ARAUCARITES Presl, in Sternb. Vers. 2: 203. 1833. ARAUCARITES OvatTus Hollick. Araucarites ovatus Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 128. pl. 12. f. 3a, 4. 1897.
While these remains are undoubtedly related to the genus Araucaria, their size would seem to indicate a nearer rela- tionship to the genus Agathis Salisb. (Dammara Lam.). The only other American post-Jurassic references to Araucarites are two species of cones from the Potomac which Fontaine so identifies. The genus Araucarta of Jussieu occurs abun- dantly from the Jurassic upward; Fontaine describes three species from the Potomac formation and Lesquereux a doubt- ful species from the Dakota Group. Wood of this type has been identified by Knowlton from the Triassic (?) and the Lower Cretaceous of South Dakota. All of the foregoing have very small, more or less imbricated and compressed leaves, while this species of Hollick’s is much larger and suggests similarity with Vagezopsis, so largely developed in the Potomac, or various forms referred to Podozamtites, Dammara, etc., the exact affinity of which is unknown.
Dammara Lam. Encycl. 2: 259. 1786. The living species are included in the genus Agathis Salisb. and are four in number, ranging from the Malayan Islands and Philippines to Australia and New Zealand.
DAMMARA CLIFFWOODENSIS Hollick. Fl. 48. f. 8-11. Dammara (?) Cliffwoodensts Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 128. pl. rz. f. 5-5. 1897. These problematical remains are very abundant in the clays at Cliffwood as well as in the Amboy Clays and the Cre- taceous of Staten Island and Block Island (Hollick). David
( 62 )
White and Hollick have found them at Martha’s Vineyard and they are known from the Atane and Patoot beds where Heer differentiates Dammara borealis,* D. macrosperma, and D. microlepis as well as very similar remains which he de- scribes as Hucalyptus Getnitzi?. These latter remains New- berry considers are generically the same as those referred to Dammara and not related to HLucalyptus. However this may be, undoubted leaf-remains of Aucalyptus have been found in these various American Cretaceous strata and it does not seem unreasonable that the fruit should also be present. It is quite true that various leaves have been re- ferred to Hucalyptus upon rather doubtful evidence, but others from both their form and venation, are unquestionably related to that genus.
The Cliffwood remains are exceedingly common; often fragmentary, however, sometimes only a portion of the resin ducts being preserved; they are very fragile and crumble readily upon handling. They vary considerably in size, some being as small as Dammara borealis and others being larger than those figured by Hollick from this formation.
Fl. 48, f. ro is strikingly like the forms which Heer con- siders Hucalyptus, but the balance of our collections are evidently coniferous scales, consisting internally of a rather central resin-duct enlarged above, with four or five angular resin-ducts on each side, which seem to descend to the base of the scale; externally the scales seem to be more rounded and finely lined as in f. ro.
Our remains are almost exactly kite-shaped and many of them seem to have straight ascending sides and are not abruptly narrowed from above the middle as in Hollick’s specimens (I.c.). Neither is there any evidence of the short mucronate point on the crown; on the contrary f. zo is evenly rounded. At the same time it seems best to refer our remains to Hollick’s species, at least until we can be more certain as to the exact affinity of all these Dammara-like remains.
Newberry (/. c.) doubts their relation to Dammara, point-
* This species has been recorded from the Cenomanian of Bohemia.
( 63 )
ing out that no Dammara-like foliage has been found asso- ciated with them and that in the very abundant Amboy Clay specimens the scales seem to be associated with an extremely delicate juniper-like conifer; this association has never been confirmed, however. He also finds some indications of two seeds in his specimens, the living Dammara scales being one- seeded. Merely negative Bidens as to the occurrence of Dammara \eaves is not very conclusive, especially in view of the fact that Lesquereux has described the remains of cer- tain leaves from the Dakota Group (Dammarztes), which are undoubtedly related to those of the existing Dammara ro- busta Moore, of Australia, and various other remains both in this country and abroad have been referred to Dam- marstes.
Furthermore, the remains from Cliffwood which Hollick describes (/. c.) as Araucarites ovatus are very similar to those of Agathis Dammara Rich. (Dammara orrentalis Lam. ; D. alba Rumph.) the existing Dammara of the Malayan Islands and Philippines.
Fontaine (Potomac Fl. 264. pl. 133. f. 8-12) describes wedge-shaped scales under the name Araucarites Aguiensis from the Potomac Formation near Brooke, Va., where they are common and always found detached and unassociated with other remains. While their resemblance to those of Dammara may be considered somewhat far-fetched, their similar mode of occurrence is suggestive. They are as a rule larger than Dammara, but vary considerably in size and shape and have a transverse furrow on their upper mar- gin.
CUNNINGHAMITES Presl, in Sternb. Vers. 2: 203. 1833.
Pending the discovery of fruit the identification of these remains with those of the existing genus Cunninghamia is not beyond question. Cunninghamia R. Br., with a single species, is at the present day an endemic genus of the China- Japan region.
( 64)
CUNNINGHAMITES squaMosuS Heer. Pl. 48. f. 14, 19.
Cunninghamites syuamosus Heer, Beitr. Kreidfl. Qued-
linb. 9. pl. z. f. 5-7. 18972. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 129. pl. rz. f. 3. 1897. (Not of Hosius and Von der Marck.)
Remains of this species are the most abundant coniferous fossils in the clays at Cliffwood. They occur as twigs about the size of those figured by Hollick or smaller and demand no extended discussion. This is the only locality in this country where they have been found, but additional collec- tions from the Amboy Clays ought to disclose them. The two specimens figured are more robust than the majority of the remains and are ten sevenths of the average size, al- though several large specimens were collected. On the usual-sized specimens the leaves are about 6 mm. long, closely set, stout, incurved, very much crowded in some instances and quite different in appearance from those of Seguoza Reichenbacht with which it is often associated.
CUNNINGHAMITES ELEGANS (Corda) Endl.
Cunninghamia elegans Corda; Reuss, Verstein. Béhm. Kreidef. 93. pl. 49. f. 29-31. 1846.
Cunninghamites elegans Endl. Syn. Conif. 270. 1847. Heer, Beitrag. Kreidefl. (Neue. Denkschr. Schweiz. Gesell.) 12. pl. 7. f. 14. 1869. Schimper, Pal. Vég. 2: 256. Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct.'7: 17. p/. 53. fi 1. 1883. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 48. g/. 5. 7. 1-7. 18096. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 129. pl. rr. f. 2. 1897. Hollick, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Garden, 2: 402. i. 41. f. 1%. 1902. (Knowlton, U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 163: 29. pl. 5. f. 3. 1900, probably belongs here.)
Cunninghamites squamosus Hosius & Von der Marck, FI. Westfal. Kreide. 54. pl. 37. 4. 137-141. (Palaeonto- graphica, v. 26.) 1880.
Originally described from Moletein in Moravia and Mseno
in Bohemia (Cenomanian), then from the chalk of Westphalia ;
( 65 )
Heer records it from the Patoot beds of Greenland. New- berry’s specimens are from ‘‘near Keyport” and are prob- ably not from the Raritan, however in a table on page 135 he gives as an additional locality South Amboy, which is within the Raritan formation. Hollick (/. ¢.) records unmistakable remains of this species from the Matawan, but much search has not resulted in my finding it except one specimen which is doubtfully referred to this species (too poor to figure).
Moriconia Deb. & Ett. Urweltl. Acrobryen Aachen, 59. 1859. Moriconia CycLoToxon Deb. & Ett. Pl. 43. f. 4; 48. fr
I~d.
Moriconia cyclotoxon Deb. & Ett. Urweltl. Acrobryen Aachen (Denkschr. Wien. Akad. 17: 239), 59. p14. 7. ft 23-27. 1859. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 55. p/. ro. f. 1-21. 1896. Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 37: 97. pl. 26. f. 78, under the name of Pecopteris Kudlisetensis; 6°: 49. Pl. 33. f- 1-9; 7: 11. pl. 53. f. 10,106; pl. 54. f. 16 {the latter figure probably represents a Brachyphyllum).
Originally described from the clays at Aachen, Heer found it in the Atane and Patoot beds of Greenland and Disco Island, and Newberry in the Amboy Clays at South Amboy, N. J., where it is common. MHeer’s forms have the stem naked in a majority of cases ; the branchlets are about 21 mm. long and the widest is 4.5 mm. wide; one branchlet with the tip missing is still 36 mm. long but only 3 mm. wide. New- berry’s Amboy Clay specimens have some of the branchlets long and slender like the Arctic forms, but the majority are shorter and stouter, being 10 to 12 mm. in length by 4 mm. in width, and the stems are more uniformly leaved. Speci- mens from Staten and Block Islands recently reported by Hollick are also small.
All of my specimens from Cliffwood have the main stem leaved ; my only complete branchlet is 34 mm. long by 9 mm. wide, in fact all of my specimens are nearly, or quite, twice as wide as any of the Amboy Clay or Greenland forms.
( 66 )
The figure (p/. 43. 4 4) shows the appearance of the main stem of a fragmentary specimen which might readily enough be taken for the pinna of a fern.
The markings on all the specimens are very obscure and it is only after the carbonized layer has dried out and blown away that they show plainly the leaf-markings as shown in the balance of the figures. No fruit has anywhere been found associated with these twigs, so that their exact relationship remains to be determined. Judging from the foliage alone Heer is inclined to place it among the Cupressineae and near to Libocedrus.
Libocedrus Endl. is unknown from the American Creta- ceous or later formations, although the existing incense cedar, Libocedrus decurrens Torr., ranges from Oregon southward to southern California and is commonly cultivated. This typically northern genus reaches Australia through the East Indian region and penetrates far into South America along the Andes, thus almost surrounding the Pacific. Heer has described three fossil species from the Arctic regions, Libocedrus gracilis from Spitzbergen, Libocedrus cretacea from the Atane schists (Kardlok, Isunguak), and Zibocedrus Sabinzana from Greenland (Atanekerdluk B, Naujat, Kug- sinek, Haseninsel, Isunguak) and Spitzbergen.
ARACEAE. ArisAEMA Martius, Flora, 14: 459. 1831.
There are about fifty existing species, mostly of temperate and tropical Asia; three in eastern North America. Two fossil species have been provisionally referred here as fol- ows:
ARISAEMA CRETACEUM Lesq. PI. 46. f. 4. Arisaema cretacea Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 38. p/. 46. f. 1. 1892. Arisaema (?) dubia Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 130. Pl. 12. f. 6. 1897 The above species was founded by Lesquereux for a
(67 )
monocotyledonous, probably Araceous spathe from the Da- kota Group of Kansas. In all probability Hollick’s specimen is of the same species. It is doubtfully a species of Arzsaema, however, and might equally be a cycadaceous spathe. In appearance the specimen before us is very similar to some of Lesquereux’s figures of Dammarites (Fl. Dak. Gr. pl. 7. f 9-11); the fine lining is about .5 mm. apart as in the existing Dammara robusta Moore of Australia, but the texture is very thin and quite the opposite of the thick coriaceous leaves of Dammara and Dammarites.
ARISAEMA (7) MartEwanense Hollick. Artsaema Mattewanense Holiick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 130. pl. 12. f. 7. 1897 Provisionally so referred by Dr. Hollick, as the fruit of some Araceous plant.
SALICACEAE. Sauix Linn. Sp. Pl. rors. 1753.
The willows are all extremely rapid growers and thrive in the wettest soil; they are thus apt to occur in localities favor- able for fossilization. There are about 160 existing species widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere and arctic zone, a few in the southern hemisphere; about 80 are American. There are about 46 fossil American species dis- tributed as follows: Raritan 5, Island Raritan 4, Dakota 11, Woodbine 1, Montana 3, Vancouver 2, Laramie 4 (?), Ft. Union 1, Green River 5, Eocene 7 (?), Eolignitic 3, Tertiary 2, Miocene 5, Pleistocene 1 (?).
Heer records three from the Island of Sachalin and seven from the Tertiary of Greenland.
SALIX PROTEAEFOLIA FLEXUOSA (Newb.) Lesq. Pl. 48. f. 12; pl. 52. f. 2. Salix flexuosa Newb. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. g: 21. 1868; Il. Cret. & Tert. Pl. pl. 7. f. g. 1878; Later Ext. Fl. 56. DE 20 Fo Dp Pig Sede PETES 7: Te808-
(68 )
Salix proteacfolia flexuosa Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 50. i. 445 f- 4, 5. 1892.
Dakota Group: Kansas. Cretaceous: Seacliff, Long Is-
land (Hollick, ’94) and Block Island (Hollick, 98).
The smaller leaf is similar to the smaller forms referred to the above species. It resembles a number of small lanceolate leaves of varied affinities such as Lesquereux’s Andromeda afints, the smaller forms of Myrica longa Heer from the Da- kota (but has a narrower base), and Laurus angusta Heer as figured in Fl. Foss. Arct. 7: £1. 57. f. 76; the latter is, however, considerably smaller than Heer’s figures of this same species in the same work, v. 6’, and also much smaller than the leaf which Lesquereux refers to this species in the Flora of the Dakota Group.
Were our specimen (7. 48. f. 12) somewhat more linear it might be compared to Hucalyptus Dakotensis, but there is no doubt that it is a Sadzx. The larger leaves (p/. 52. f. 2) show the characteristic venation of this species.
Salix Mattewanensis sp. nov. /%. 51. f. 5.
A small ovate-lanceolate leaf with an obtuse base and slender tapering tip, greatly resembling several modern willow leaves; secondaries regular, camptodrome.
Except for its small size it is very similar to Salix mem- branacea Newb. There is considerable resemblance to Salix sp. (Fl. Amboy Clays, pl. 42. f. 6-8) only the tip is more elongated. There is also some resemblance to such leaves as Leguminosites constrictus Lesq. and to several of the forms referred to Cassza.
SaLix MEEK Newb.
Salix Meekii Newb. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.9: 19. 1868; Later Ext. Fl. 58. p/. 2. f. 3. 1898. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 130. pl. 73. f. 3, 4. 1897.
S. cuneata Newb. Ill. Cret. & Tert. £7. 1. f. 2, 3. 1878.
S. proteacfolia lanceolata Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 50. #u. 64. f. 6-8. 1892.
Recorded by Hollick from the Matawan formation near
Cliffwood, N. J.; not found by me.
( 69 )
PoputitTes Lesq. Am. Jour. Sci. 46: 93. 1868.
Founded by Lesquereux to include leaves from the Dakota Group which are apparently related to Populus but differing in their generally entire margin, cordate outline, and cras- pedodrome venation, the latter character apparently wanting in our species. Some of Lesquereux’s species have since been transferred to the genera Grewtopsis, Hamamelites, Ments- permites, and Cissztes, leaving seven Dakota species and one species from the Upper Cretaceous of Vancouver Island.
The genus Populus, although containing the oldest known dicotyledon at Kome, besides ten Dakota species and two Potomac species according to Fontaine, is so essentially a later genus that I prefer to include our leaf in the related genus Popuiites, thus obviating too great definiteness of relation to the existing genus.
Populus contains about twenty-five species in the existing flora, all of which are confined to the northern hemisphere. Some twelve of these inhabit North America. The fossil species are numerous.
Populites tenuifolius sp. nov. Fl. 49. f. 7.
A leaf exceeding 10 cm. in length and nearly 12 cm. in width: margin in the upper part apparently entire or perhaps a trifle undulate; about 4 cm. of the right lateral margin is preserved and seems to bis pen crenate, but the indica- tions are very faint and be to the wearing away o the material. The aa is ane preserved, but I judge it to
thin, alternate, unbranched except the basal ones, oe the midrib at an angle of about 45° and curving up
others, giving off numerous branches to the latero-basal portion of the leaf. ea ill-defined, angular.
I have been at a loss to correctly determine this leaf; it bears considerable resemblance to some of Lesquereux’s species of Protophyllum, but inasmuch as the latter is a syn-
* Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, fl. g2. f 1.
(7°)
thetic type of uncertain botanical affinities, with mostly cori- aceous leaves, it has not been considered available. The only Raritan leaf with which our specimen may be com- pared is Tikaephyllum dubtum,* which it resembles in its cordate outline, delicate venation, and thin texture; like the Raritan leaf ours is represented by but a single specimen rather poorly preserved. It differs in being larger and in lacking the dentate margin, and was apparently equilaterai with a straight midrib. In view of the uncertainty of New- berry’s determination it is desirable that we should endeavor to get an idea of the true botanical affinity of our leaf, which it seems to me will place it among those leaves ancestral to the modern aspens or poplars. It resembles several species of Populus, although the latter are as a rule coriaceous or subcoriaceous, for instance Populus Harkeriana Lesq. from Staten Island} and the Dakota Group.{ It may be com- pared with Populus balsamoides(?) var. latifolia Lesq.,§ although the latter is a Tertiary species; the margin is ap- parently similar and the venation is strikingly similar except at the margin.
It may also be compared with the Dakota species Populrtes Lancastriensts Lesq.|| which it greatly resembles in size and outline ; the secondaries are stouter and straighter in the latter and the basal one is less branched.
FAGACEAE. Quercus Linn. Sp. Pl. 994. 1753.
About two hundred existing species of the northern hemi- sphere,{/ more than fifty of which occur in North America. The extinct American species number about 127, distributed
* Newb. Fl. Amboy meee for pl. rs.
StS + Hollick, Ann. N. Y. d. Sci. 11: 419. Ai 36.Ff. 8. t{ Lesq. Fl. Dak. is me pl. $6. f. 4
Rf. 7. rete by Ettingshausen from Tertiary of New Zealand. (Trans. N. Z. Inst. v. 2:
(72)
as follows: Raritan 2, Dakota 20, Montana 2, Vancouver 6, Laramie 17, Livingston 3, Denver 9, Ft. Union 7, Tertiary of Yellowstone Park 7, Green River 7, Eolignitic 6, Eocene 1z, Miocene 25, Payette 4, Pleistocene 6, Glacial 1, Atane 7, Patoot 7, Tertiary of Greenland 15.
Quercus Hollickii sp. nov. Pl. 57. f. 1, 2.
Leaves subcoriaceous, obovate, obtuse, gradually narrow- ing to the base; secondaries strong, ieee and parallel, alternate, camptodrome, angle of divergence about 50°; basal one third of the margin entire, above rather irregularly dentate.
These specimens evidently represent a leaf about 9 cm. in length by about 4.5 cm. in greatest width.
I have been unable to refer this to any of the described species of Quercus although it resembles several; in outline it is similar to 2. Wardiana Lesq.* from the Dakota group, but the latter is 50 per cent. larger and with different vena- tion. There is also a resemblance to Newberry’s 2. ellp- t7ca t but the secondaries are straighter, more ascending and more regularly arched in our specimen. Again, it may be compared to the Tertiary 2, Olafsent Heer, but the latter has the leaves more oval, margin more dentate, secondaries craspedodrome and straighter, greatly resembling Les- quereux’s ~/. 48. f. 4 from the Fort Union Beds; in the latter, however, some of the upper secondaries run directly to the dentate points of the margin. There is, further, a re- semblance to 2. Vevadensis Lesq., from the Pacific Coast Miocene, which however has the secondaries straighter and subcraspedodrome.
Considerable similarity is to be noted with various leaves referred to Celastrophyllum, as for instance C. grandifolium Newb., which is common in the Raritan (localities not given) ; our leaf is considerably shorter and relatively wider, more obovate in outline, with a more tapering base, straighter mid- rib and more regular secondaries.
*F). Dak. Group. pl. 7. f. 7. 1892. + Later Ext. Fl. £/. 20. f. 3. 1898.
(72)
Quercus Hotmesi Lesq. Pl. 48. f. 13. aha (Quercus) salicifolium Lesq. Ann. Rep. U os . & Geog. Surv. Terr. 1874: 340. pl. 8. f. 2. 7876. a preoccupied by Quercus salicsfolia Newb. Dryophylium (Quercus) Holmesii Lesq. Cret. & Tert. Flora, 38. pl. 4.7. 8 1883.
Quercus Holmesii Lesq. F1. Dak. Group, 58. 1892.
Upper Cretaceous: Port McNeill, Vancouver Island. Dakota Group ?: San Juan River, S. W. Colorado.
There are a number of small-leaved oaks which resemble this species, including Quercus Montanensis Knowlton (FI. MontanaForm. fi. r1.f. 10), Dryophyllum subfalcatum Lesq. (D. Bruner? Ward) of the Laramie and the smaller forms with nearly simple margins of Newberry’s Tertiary Quercus consinults.
Quercus MorrisoniaAna Lesq. Quercus Morrisoniana Lesq. Cret. & Tert. Fl. 40. pl. 17. f. 1, 2. 1883. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 131. pl. 737. f. 11, 12. 1897. Recorded by Hollick from the Matawan formation near Cliffwood, N. J.; not found by me.
Quercus (?) NovaE-CaEsAREAE Hollick. Pl. 57. f. 4.
Quercus (?) Novae-Caesareae Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad.
Sci. 16: 131. pl. 13. f0 9, 10. 1897.
Hollick points out*the resemblance of these leaves to those of Quercus Myrtillus Heer from Greenland and also to those of Diospyros provecta Velen. from Bohemia.
I have found several fragments at Cliffwood which belong here.
QUERCUS sp. Quercus (?) sp., Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 131. pl. 14. f. 9. 1897. Of doubtful affinity. Hollick compares this fragment with Quercus porantoides Lesq. and with 2. Thulens’s Heer, and
(73)
also suggests that it might be a fragment of lex Masont Lesq. There are several similar fragments in my collection.
MORACEAE. Ficus Linn. Sp. Pl. ro59. 1753.
The existing species number some six hundred shrubs and trees of the warmer parts of the globe everywhere, chiefly in Asia, Africa and the East Indian Islands. Two species enter the limits of the United States, occurring in Florida and the West Indies. About one hundred species of F2czs occur in America in the following formations: Potomac 2, Raritan 3, Island Raritan 5, Dakota 23, Woodbine 1, Mon- tana 16, Vancouver 6, Laramie 21, Livingston 1, Denver 9g, Ft. Union 5, Green River 5, Tertiary of Yellowstone Park 4, Eocene 6, Eolignitic 6, Miocene 7, Atane 3, Patoot 2, Greenland Tertiary 1.
Recorded by Ettingshausen from Tertiary of New Zealand (Trans. N. Z. Inst. v. 23); now extinct there, though living in Australia.
Ficus RETICULATA (Lesq.) Knowlton. Fl. 52. f.5; pl. 53.
SJ. Ly 4.
Laurophyllum reticulatum Lesq. Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. 1872: 425. 1873; Cret. Flora, 76. pl. 15.f. 4, §+ 1874.
Ficus laurophylla Lesq. Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. 1874: 342. pl. 5. fi. 7. 1876. Cret. & Tert. Fl. 49. fl. 7. f. 12, 13. 1878; Fl. Dak. Group,
85. 1892. Ficus reticulata Knowlton, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 152: 104. 1898.
Heretofore known from the Dakota Group of Kansas. The Cliffwood remains consist of the impressions of the under surface of leaves rather fragmentary, and indicate an oblong-lanceolate leaf 2-3.5 cm. in width, with an entire margin and rather stout midrib; secondaries branch at an obtuse angle, unequal, becoming marginal; venation some-
(74)
what irregular. There is some resemblance to the Greenland leaves which Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct. 7: p/. 79. 4) refers to Diospyros brachysepala A. Br. Ficus Woorsont Newb. £2. 47-/- 7- Ficus Woolsont Newb.; Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12: 6. pl. 2. f. 1, 2¢. 1892; Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 70. pl. 20. f. 3; pl. 23. f. 1-6. 1896.
This species is thus far only represented by a small frag- ment from Cliffwood, although common in the Raritan Clays at Sayreville and Woodbridge, and also reported from Kreis- cherville, Staten Island, by Hollick.
PROTEACEAE. Proteorpes Heer, Phyll. Crét. Nebr. 17. 1866.
This extinct genus, which is supposed to be allied to the existing genus Protea, has some eight fossil American species as follows: Raritan 2, Dakota 4, Mill Creek 1, Vancouver 3. Many fossil species of Proteaceae have been described from the European Tertiary but considerable doubt has been expressed as to the real affinity of many of them, their re- semblance to various species of Coniferae, Meliaceae, Sapin- daceae and Myricaceae being pointed out.
PROTEOIDES DAPHNOGENOIDES Heer. /fV. 51. /. 6-9.
Proteordes daphnogenotdes Heer, Phyll. Crét. Nebr. 17.
pl. 4. f. 9, To. 1866. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 72. pi. P72 Ji O05 Os Dle 328 f- diy IDs Do Bo FSS Pee: J. 15. 1896. Lesq. Cret. Fl. 85. Al. 715. f. 2, 2. 1874. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 98. fl. 3. fi. 4, 2. 1892; 12: 36. pl. 2. f. 4, 9, 13. 1893; Bull. Torrey Club, 21: 52. pl. 177. f. rz. 18943 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 420. pl. 36. f. 1-3. 1898.
Remains of this species are common in the clays near Cliff- wood, but very fragmentary. Previously recorded from the Dakota group at Decatur, Nebraska; Raritan at Wood- bridge, Sayreville, etc., N. J.; the Mill Creek series at Mill Creek and the Cretaceous on Staten Island and Long Island.
(75)
Banksia Linn. f. Suppl. 15. 1781.
The existing species number about fifty and are confined to the Australian region. Two fossil species have been iden- tified from American strata, but whether or not they are al- lied to the living Bankszae is not altogether certain. BANKSIA PUSILLA Velen.
Banksia pusilla Velen. F\. Boehm. Kreidef. 7 (32). pl. 7
(9). f. 14-17. 1883. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 132. pl. 73. f. 7. 1897.
With the exception of Banksia Helvetica Heer, which Lesquereux records from the Eolignitic of Mississippi, this genus is not found elsewhere on this continent, although spe- cies referred to this and the allied genus Banksites occur in the European Tertiary. It is essentially a later genus, with upwards of fifty existing species which are all confined to the Australian region. The above species is very similar to Santalum Americanum Lesq. (Cret. & Tert. Fl. p/7. 32. f. 7) of the western Tertiary.
NYMPHAEACEAE. NeE.tumso Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 76. 1763.
But two living species are known, JV. Velumdéo (L.) Karst. of eastern Asia and JV. lutea (Willd.) Pers. of eastern North America, giving emphasis to the well-known similarity of these two floras. The genus appeared in the middle Creta- ceous and ranges to the Miocene Tertiary, increasing regu- larly in size. There are one Asiatic, seven European and nine American fossil species,* all of the American species, unless it be Heer’s from Atane, being from a considerably higher horizon than our Cliffwood specimen.
Exceptions to the latter statement are unpublished species from Long Island and Martha’s Vineyard, discovered by Dr. Hollick.
Nelumbo primaeva sp. nov. Fl. 43. f. 1 This is undoubtedly a sorton of a leaf a Nelumbo — too
* The living fossil species are enumerated by Hollick in Bull. Torrey Club, 21: 307. 1894.
(76)
small a fragment, however, for rigid determination. It rep- resents a small-leaved species with leaves apparently about the same size as those of Velumbo Laramzensts Hollick (7. ¢. J in text); the cross venation is obliterated, however, and the primary veins are only eight in number instead of twelve, as is the case in WV. Laramdensis.* Nelumbo tntermedta,t of the Montana formation, is of about the same size, but has twelve or thirteen weak primary veins. MVelumbo Dawsoni Hollick, + from the Canadian Belly River, is also a small leaf, but has eighteen primary veins. Dawson has de- scribed,§ but not figured, a small leaf from the Canadian Laramie, under the name of Velumbium Saskachuensts, of similar size and with only seven primaries.
MAGNOLIACEAE. Maenousa Linn. Sp. Pl. 535. 1753.
There are about fifteen existing species of Magnolza, con- fined to eastern North America, eastern Asia and the Hima- layan region. The fossil species are numerous, there being over forty from continental America besides those from Greenland. The distribution of the American fossil species is as follows: Raritan 7, Island Raritan 8, Dakota 11, Atane 4, Mill Creek 1, Wocdbine 2, Montana 2, Vancouver 2, Laramie 7, Denver 1, Ft. Union 2, Eocene 6, Eolignitic 5, Miocene 5, Greenland Tertiary 6.
Macnouia opTusaTA Heer. Fl. 47. fi 4.
Magnolia obtusata Heer, Fi. Foss. Arct. 67: go. pl. r5. J. 12; pl. az. f. 3. 1882. Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 201. pl. 60. f. 5,6. 1892.
This leaf resembles greatly the smaller of the two figures
which are figured respectively by each of the above authors.
* Dr. Hollick, who has seen a figure of this leaf, writes: ‘‘ Very close if
not identical with Nelumbo Laramiensis.”
t Knowlton, Fl. Montana Form. (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 163:) 53. A/,
13. f. 3 Igoo. ee oo Daws. Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. 3: sec. 4, 15, f. 1886. ¢ Daws. ibid., 5: sec. 4, 35. 1888.
(77)
Previously recorded from the Atane schists of Greenland and the Dakota group of Kansas.
MacnourA WoopsripcGensis Hollick. Pl. 53. fi 5; pi.
57. fr 2.
Magnolia Woodbridgensis Hollick, in Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 74. pl. 36. f. 11; pl. 57. f- 5-7. 1896. Hol- lick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 133. pl. 14. f &. 1897; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 60. pl. 3. f. 2. 1808.
While the fragments shown on Plate 53 have the venation
entirely obscured, I have no hesitation in referring them to the above species, especially as I have found other smaller fragments with the characteristic venation of Magnolza.
Judging from the nearly parallel lateral margins of the
fragment shown on plate 57 it would seem to indicate a rather longer leaf than the typical Magnolia Woodridgensis, a leaf more like Magnolia Boulayana Lesq. or Magnolia glaucoides Newb. ‘The incomplete nature of the specimen, however, and the total obliteration of the venation make it preferable to place it under AZ. Woodbridgensts. Leaf-blade apparently quite thick.
MAGNOLIA TENUIFOLIA Lesq. 7%. 47. f. 10.
Magnolia tenutfolia Lesq. Am. Jour. Sci. 46: 100. 1868; Cret. Flora, 92. Al. ar. f. z. 18743 Fl. Dak. Group, 198. pi. 24. fiz. 1892.
Previously known from the Dakota Group at Decatur,
Neb., Kansas, and Peace River, Northwest Territory.
Our fragment is very similar to fz. pl. 24, Fl. Dak. Group, of this species, except that the secondaries are some- what straighter and more regular.
There is considerable resemblance to Magnolia Capellinit Heer, which is doubtfully recorded from Sayreville, N. J., Glen Cove, L. I., and Martha’s Vineyard, as well as from the Dakota of the West and from Greenland.
Ours, while only a fragment, denotes a more elongated leaf than that of M. Capellinit.
(78 ) LAURACEAE. Laurus Linn. Sp. Pl. 369. 1753.
As commonly restricted, the existing species are but two, of southern Europe, the Canary Islands and Madeira. The family is large and chiefly tropical. The fossil species are numerous, over thirty being found on this continent. It may be remarked, however, that there is considerable uncertainty in the generic diagnoses which are based upon nothing but leaf remains of the Laurineae. Remains referred to Laurus are common in the European Tertiary and Heer records one species from the Tertiary of Siberia, besides four at Atane, three at Patoot, and four in the Tertiary of Greenland. The American species are distributed as follows: Raritan 3, Island Raritan 4, Dakota 11, Mill Creek 1, Woodbine 1, Montana 3, Vancouver 1, Cret. of N. W. Terr. 1, Laramie 4, Livingston 1, Denver 3, Ft. Union 2, Tertiary of Yellow- stone Park 2, Eocene 1, Eolignitic 4, Miocene 7.
Laurus Horvaz Heer. Pl. 50. f. 7, 8; pl. 52. f. 7, 8.
Laurus Hollae Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 6’: 76. pl. 33. f.
13; 44. f- 56; 45. f. 3. 1882. Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 92. pl. 12. f. 8. 1892. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12:7. pl. 2. fi 717. 1892.
Previously known from the Dakota Group, Kansas; Cre- taceous, Staten Island; Atane schists, Greenland. Ours are rather poor specimens for positive determination; as far as they go they agree admirably with the above species. Laurus PROTEAEFOLIA Lesq. 2. 47. f. 9; pl. 49. f. 6.
Laurus proteacfolia Lesq. Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog.
Surv. Terr. 1: 393. 1876; Ann. Rep. 7d¢d. 1874: 342. pl. 5. f. 1, 2. 1876; Cret. & Tert. Fl. 52. pi. 3. J: 9,10; pl. 16. f. 6. 1883; Fl. Dak. Group, 92. 1892.
Lesquereux’s specimens were from the Dakota Group at Morrison, Col., and Fort Harker, Kansas. The Cliffwood forms which Hollick refers to Lawrus plutonia Heer are some- what larger than the majority of Heer’s figures of that species, and our remains which seem to be species of Laurus
(79)
are larger still and more ovate in form, with less ascending secondaries. They are intermediate in size among Lesquer- eux’s figures of L. proteaefolia.
Laurus pLuronia Heer. Pl. 50. f. g-si.
Laurus plutonia Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 6:75. p/. 19. fh 1a, 2-4; pl. 20. f. 3a, 4-6; pl. 2y. f. 66; pl. 28. fF. ro, 17; pl. 42. f. 40; 7: 30. pl. 58 fi 2; pl. 62. jf. ra, Lesq. Fl. Dak. ees gol. pl. 13. fo 5,6; pl. 22. f. 5. 1892. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 85. pl. 76. jf. to, rz. 1896. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
2: 236. pl. 6. f. rz. 1893; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 7: 13. 1895; Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 132. pl. 73. 7 5, 6. 1897; Ann. N, Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 60. Al. 4. 6,7. 18098.
Recorded from the Raritan, locality not given: Matawan, Cliffwood, N. J.; Dakota group, Kansas and Minn. (?); Cre- taceous, Glen Cove, L. I., Martha’s Vineyard and Block Island; Middle Cretaceous at Atane and Patoot, Greenland.
This is another species which was very common through- out eastern North America from Greenland to New Jersey during the Middle Cretaceous. The leaves were rather vari- able in outline, Newberry’s Amboy Clay forms and those from Cliffwood which Hollick refers to this species being con- siderably broader than the majority of Heer’s specimens. The leaves from the Dakota which Lesquereux identifies with this species are, on the other hand, smaller and agree fairly well with the leaves in our collections which seem to belong to this species. The latter agree closely with Heer’s figures and differ considerably from Hollick’s forms from this formation. About the same size as the Block Island leaf which Hollick refers to this species.
Laurus Hollickii sp. nov. Pl. 52. f. 4. A small lanceolate Lauraceous leaf about 8 cm. long and cm. in greatest width, which is at a point about half way been the apex and base, the blade tapering about equally n both directions; secondaries four or five on each side,
( 80 )
leaving the midrib at an angle somewhat less than 45° and curving upward with a long sweep, becoming nearly parallel with the margin, along which they form small shallow arches, the connecting branches to the secondary next above being small and transverse.
Species dedicated to Dr. Arthur Hollick, who suggested its Lauraceous affinity.
This species is quite similar to Daphnophyllum Dakotense Lesq. from the Dakota group, which Lesquereux compares with Daphne protogaca Ett.* Our leaf is somewhat nar- rower and the distal portions of the secondaries are straighter. There is also considerable resemblance in outline to various species of Salix and some of the lanceolate species of Ficus.
LavuROPHYLLUM Gopp. Tertiarfl. Java, 45. 1854. An entirely extinct genus containing leaves supposed to be allied to Laurus and including five American species in the Raritan, Mill Creek and Upper Cretaceous.
LAUROPHYLLUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Newb. 7. 47. f.1, 5,8,
Pl. 49. f- 1-5:
Laurophyllum angustifolium Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 86.
1.17. f. 10, 12. 1896.
Remains of leaves, which by their narrow elongated shape, thick midrib, and coriaceous texture are allied to this species of Newberry from the Amboy Clays at Woodbridge are very common at Cliffwood. The remains are very poor, how- ever, consisting of larger or smaller fragments of the basal portions of leaves. The petiole (preserved in f. 5) is short and stout.
Newberry compares his leaves with some of Heer’s Myrica Jonga, but the latter lack the straight narrowly ascending basal margins and are rather abruptly rounded. If Arctic analogues are necessary we may point out the resemblance to the Tertiary Laurus Reusszd Ett. or to forms of Laurus angusta Heer from Atane (Fl. Foss. Arct. 67: pl. 43, f. IC).
*FI. Bilin. pt. 2, 13. Al. 34. f 7-3. 1868,
(81)
SassaFRAS Nees & Eberm. Handb. Med. Pharm. Bot. 2: 418. 1831.
At the present day a monotypic genus of eastern North America, although inhabiting Europe before the Glacial period in both the Tertiary and Cretaceous ages. Numer- ous fossil leaves have been referred to this genus ranging from the Potomac formation upward. While some of these are undoubtedly ancestral Sassafras species, others are just as undoubtedly not related to Sassafras; for instance we would refer Sassafras Harkerianum, S. obtusum and S. cretaceum oblusum to Cissttes; we would refer S. d/ssectum, S. dissectum symmetricum, S. mirabtle, S. papillosum, S. recurvatunt, S. dentatum and .S. grossedentatum to Platanus or possibly to Protoplatanus. The two dozen or more an- cient American species occur in the following formations: Potomac 3, Cheyenne Sandstone 3, Raritan 4, Island Rari- tan 2, Matawan 1, Dakota 14, Vancouver 1, Canadian Up- per Laramie 2.
Heer describes two species from Atane, one of which is identical with a Dakota form; one species from Patoot; and one from the Tertiary of Greenland. Velenovsky identifies S. acutilobum in the Cenomanian of Bohemia, and several species have been described from the European Tertiary formations. SASSAFRAS ACUTILOBUM Lesq. Fl. 45. f. 1, 2.
Sassafras acutilobum Lesq. Cret. Flora, 79. pl. 14. f- 7, 2. 1874; Cret. & Tert. Fl. 56. p2. 5. 4. 7, 5. 1883; Fl. Dak. Group, 100. 1892. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 87. pl. 25. f. 1-10; pl. 26. f. 2-6. 1896; Later Ext. FI. 98. pl. 7. f. 1. 1898 > S. eretaceum. WHollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12: 236. fl. 7. fi r. 1893. 16: 132. Pl. 14. f. 73. 1897. Velen. Fl. Bohm. Kreidef. 4: 2. p2. 2.f. 1. 1886.
S. recurvatum Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 6: 74. pl. 39.f. 4. 1882; not Lesq.
There can be no doubt that this rather fragmentary leaf
is referable to Sassafras acutilobum as commonly understood.
(82)
In outline it is almost identical with Lesquereux’s typical leaf from the Dakota Group, the only differences being its slightly smaller size and somewhat wider median lobe. It is also very similar to the leaf from the Bohemian Cretaceous which Velenovsky refers to this species, the only difference being the less conical lobes. With Newberry’s Amboy Clay forms there is a general resemblance to the more typical specimens. Hollick, (’97) found a small fragment in this (Clay Mar!) formation which he thought might be referable to this species. With the question of the proper generic relations of this spe- cies we are not here concerned. In another place* I have expressed doubt as to the validity of its reference to Sassafras.
ACERACEAE. Acer Linn. Sp. Pl. 1054. 1753.
There are about one hundred existing species of maples. The fossil species are also quite numerous, there being some twenty-six fossil American forms distributed as follows: Rari- tan 1, Island Raritan 1, Belly River 1, Laramie 5, Denver 1, Ft. Union 3, Green River 3, Eocene 3, Miocene 8, Pleis- tocene 3.
Heer records one from the Tertiary of Siberia, one from the Tertiary of Manchuria, three from the Island of Sacha- lin, two from Patoot, and five from the Tertiary of Greenland. Ettingshausen records maples in the Tertiary of Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.
ACER PAUCIDENTATUM Hollick. Acer paucidentatum Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 132. pl. 14. f. 2, 3. 1897.
As remarked by Hollick this maple resembles several Ter- tiary species. Acer is only represented by fruit in the New Jersey Raritan, although a small leaf has been found in that formation on Staten Island.
Sapinpus Linn. Sp. Pl. 367. 1753.
Sapindus is at the present day a chiefly tropical genus of about ten species of Asia and America. The only existing
* Bot. Gaz. 34: 438. 1902.
(83 )
North American species are S. marginatus Willd., which ranges from Kansas to northern Mexico and eastward to Georgia and Florida; S. Saponarza Linn., of the Florida Keys, West Indies and Venezuela; and S. Drummondii H. & A. The American fossil species are numerous, there being twenty-one or more forms distributed as follows: Island 1, Matawan 1, Dakota 2, Denver 1, Upper Laramie 1, Eocene, Ky. 1, Brandon, Vt. 1, Green River 7, Fort Union 5, Ter- tiary of Yellowstone Park 2, Eolignitic 4, Miocene 1, Green- land 3.
Did we assume that these fossil leaflets should be of uni- form size and form, as they are in our existing species of the Southwest, the number of fossil species would be greatly multiplied.
Sapinpus Morrisoni Lesq. F¥. 47. fi 2, 3.
Sapindus Morrisont Lesq. Cret. & Tert. Fl. 83. p/. 76. j. I, 2. 1883; Fl. Dak. Group, 158. p20. 375. fi 7, 2. 1892. Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 6: 96. fl. go. fir; pl. Al. f. 3; pl. 43. f. 1a, 6; pl. gg. f. 7,8. 1882. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: pl. 3. fi 5. 1892; 12 235. pl. 6. f. 3. 1893; Bull. Torrey Club, 22: 57. pl. 179. f. 8. 1894; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 7: 13. 1895 ; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 422. pl. 36. f. g. 1898. White, Am. Jour. Sci. III. 39: 99. pl. 2. f. 12. 1890.
The Cliffwood forms are small leaves with a considerably
inequilateral base and numerous somewhat ascending irregu- larly curved camptodrome secondaries. There is no question but what this is a species of Sapzndus; it agrees quite well with Lesquereux’s Cret. & Tert. Fl. 4 2, and Fl. Dak. Group, / 2, and Hollick’s specimen from Tottenville, Staten Island, all of which are rather smaller than the other figured leaves of this species. Hoollick * identifies two fairly perfect leaves from this horizon with Velenovsky’s Sapzndus apiculatus from the Bohemian Cretaceous. These leaves are somewhat smaller than our specimens and less full at the
* Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 133. p/. 77. fis, 2. 1897
( 84)
base on the larger side, otherwise they are quite similar. They may be either small leaves of Sapéndus Morrisond or else new forms altogether. It may well be that the leaves re- ferred to the widely distributed Sapzndus Morrisons, as indi- cated above, embrace more than one species.
This is another species which we could expect to find in the Raritan formation.
SaPINDUS APICULATUS Velen.
Sapindus apiculatus Velen. Fl). Bohm. Kreidef. 3: 6 (53). pl. 7 (22). f. 1-8. 1884. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 133. pl. 73. fir, 2. 1897.
As remarked under Sapindus Morrisonz, this might well be
a small leaf of that species. Recorded by Hollick from the Matawan; not found by me.
- CELASTROPHYLLUM Gopp. Tertiarfl. Java, 52. 1854.
This extinct genus includes leaves related to those of Colastrus. It has ten species in the Potomac, ten in the Raritan, one in the Island series, seven in the Dakota, two in the Matawan, one in the Atane beds and three in the Patoot beds.
Celastrophyllum elegans sp. nov. V7. 43. f. 6.
A handsome ovate-lanceolate leaf about 6 cm. long and 10 mm. wide at its widest part which is about midway between the base and the apex; with a somewhat wedge-shaped base, an evenly rounded apex and a slightly undulating margin; there are eleven shallow indentations on each side, the lowest about 6 mm. from the base; petiole rather stout, 10 mm. in length; secondaries branch at an angle of somewhat more than 45° and are straight to within a short distance of the margin, curving and forming arches only about one milli- meter from it.
Hollick refers a leaf from this formation to Celastrophyllum Newberryanum; ours is a narrower longer leaf with more regular secondaries. Compared with the Amboy Clay leaves of C. Mewberryanum ours is a longer more slender leaf. C. Newberryanum was however an abundant and very vari- able leaf and some of Newberry’s figures approach ours quite
(85)
closely, for instance, Fl. Amboy Clays, f/. 49. f. ro. Our leaf is also somewhat similar to some of the Amboy clay leaves which Newberry refers to C. crenatum Heer, though the latter is stouter and averages much larger.
. grandifolium Newb. is of somewhat the same propor- tions but about three times as large. The Dakota species except C. decurrens are much smaller leaves. The Potomac species are mostly smaller broader leaves of rather obscure affinities.
CELASTROPHYLLUM NEWBERRYANUM Hollick.
Celastrophyllum Newberryanum Hollick ; Newb. Fl. Am-
boy Clays, ror. pl. 49. f. 1-27. 1896; Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 133. pl. 14. fi tr. 1897.
This small-leaved Celastrophyllum is abundant in the upper Raritan beds at South Amboy and we would naturally expect it to extend upward into the Cliffwood beds, where it is recorded by Hollick.
RHAMNACEAE. Ruamnus Linn. Sp. Pl. 193. 1753.
About seventy-five existing species, mostly north temper- ate, a few tropical and a few south temperate; eleven inhabit North America. Thirty-three species are found fossil on this continent in the following formations: Island Raritan 2, Dakota 6, Montana 1, Laramie 10, Denver 6, Ft. Union 2, Green River 3, Eolignitic 2, Tertiary 1
Heer records one from the Tertiary of Manchuria, one from the island of Sachalin, two from Atane, one from Patoot, and eight from the Tertiary of Greenland.
Rhamnus Novae-Caesareae sp. nov. I. 50. f. 5,6 These leaves are somewhat similar in outline and venation to what Hollick calls Quercus (?) Movae-Caesareae from this same locality, only our specimens are less perfect and consid- erably larger. Their true affinity seems to be with Ahamnus, and I have been unable to associate them with any of the
( 86 )
described species. Remains are fragmentary, but indicate a simple ovate-lanceolate leaf 7-10 cm. long by about 2.25 cm. wide, with ascending eamptodrome secondaries and transverse tertiaries.
RHAMNUS INAEQUILATERALIS Lesq.
Rhamnus inaequilateralis Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 170. pl. 37. f. 4-7. 1892. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 133. pl. 73, f. & 1897.
The Cliffwood forms are identical with the smaller of Lesquereux’s leaves. Recorded by Hollick from the Ma- tawan formation; not found by me.
Pauiurus Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 7. 1759.
There are only two existing species, one confined to southern China and Japan, and the other to southern Europe and western Asia. The fossil species are numerous, some sixteen occurring on this continent; it is pertinent to remark, however, that in the absence of fruit Palurus is practically indistinguishable from Zizyphus or Ceanothus.
Raritan 1, Island Raritan 3, Dakota 5, Mill Creek 2, Van- couver 1, Laramie 4, Canadian Upper Laramie 1, Denver 3, Ft. Union 2, Green River 2, Miocene 1.
Heer records one from the Tertiary of Siberia, one from the Island of Sachalin, one from Patoot, and three from the Ter- tiary of Greenland.
PALIURUS INTEGRIFOLIUS Hollick (?).
Patliurus integrifolius Hollick, Bull. Torrey Club, 21: 57. pl. 177. f. 5, 8, 12. 1894; Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 133. pl. 14. f. ro. 1897.
This reference of a fragment from near Cliffwood was only provisional. The specimen represents the basal fragment of a leaf which is rather large for Paliwrus and lacks the lat- eral branches of the primaries which ought to be present in the left hand portion of the specimen. It might well represent the basal portion of some of the leaves from the Raritan formation which Newberry referred to Crss7tes formosus Heer. Not found by me.
(87)
MYRTACEAE. Evucaryrtus L’Her. Sert. Angl. 18. 1788.
There are about one hundred and forty existing species of great variety of form, foliage and blossom, confined to the Australian region, none occurring in New Zealand on the one hand or Asia on the other.* Nine fossil species have been re- ferred to this genus from American strata, most of which are doubtfully determined owing to the uncertainty of leaf re- mains: Island Raritan 2, Dakota 3, Raritan 4, Laramie 1, Green River 1, Atane 2.
Eucatyptus Germirzi Heer. Pl. 53. f. 3.
Myrtophyllum (Eucalyptus ?) Getnitzd Heer, Fl. Foss.
Arct. 37: 116. pl. 32. f. 14-17; pl. 33. f. 6b. 1874.
Eucalyptus Geinitzt Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 6: 93. pl. 79.
J. 1c; pl. 65. f. 4-9. 1882. Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 138. pl. 37. f- 20. 1892. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 110. pi. 2. fi 2, z5, 16. 1896. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 98. pl. 2. f. 1. 1892; 12: 34. pl. 2 Se OS: on ae pl. 6. f. 2. 1893; Bull. Geol. oe. Am. 7: 13. 1895; Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 60. P/. 4. f. 1-3. 1898. White, Am. Jour. Sci. III. 39: 98. pl. 2. f. 8-11. 1890. Heer, Kreide Fl. Moletein, 22. pli rt. fi 354.
This reference is only provisional, as the leaf is too frag- mentary for certainty and the venation is entirely obliterated. I have thought I detected the characteristic venation at times but cannot be certain. Previously recorded from the Dakota, Kansas ; the Raritan, Woodbridge, Sayreville, N. J.; and the Cretaceous of Staten Island, Long Island and Martha’s Vine- yard. Also recorded from Greenland and the continent of Europe.
Eucalyptus (?) dubia sp. nov. Fl. 52. f. 1. This fragment is referred to Hucalyptus because of its resemblance to Newberry’s Fl]. Amboy Clays, p/. 32. f. 6,
* Although Ettingshausen records them from the Tertiary of New Zea- jand (Trans, N. Z. Inst. v. 23)
(88)
(E. (?) angustifolia). In all probability neither of these leaves is related to Hucalyptus.
The secondaries spring from the midrib at an angle of 45° to 50° and are approximately straight and parallel, about 1.8 mm. apart, some opposite, others irregular ; intermediate tertiaries give alternate branches to each secondary. The venation is not characteristic of Hucalyptus, and resembles somewhat that of Laurophyllum reticulatum Lesq., but our specimen is a smaller, relatively narrower leaf. A second specimen shows a marginal vein connecting the secondaries about .5 mm. from the margin.
STERCULIACEAE, Stercuyia Linn. Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.
Nearly one hundred existing species of the tropics of both hemispheres. American fossil species are some seventeen in number, distributed as follows: Potomac 1, Cheyenne Sandstone 1, Raritan 1, Island Raritan 2, Dakota 8, Creta- ceous of British Columbia 1, Denver 1, Green River 1.
None have been recognized in the Atane beds of Green- land, although one species occurs at Patoot. One species has been recorded from the Island of Sachalin; the genus is present in the upper Cretaceous of Europe and some sixteen species have been described from the European Tertiary de- posits, although the American Tertiary is practically barren of these plants.
Sterculia Cliffwoodensis sp. nov. Fl. 43.7. 5. Sterculia sp. (?) Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 133. pl. 14.f- 4-7. 1897
It is to be hoped that more and fuller remains may be dis- covered of this beautiful species. The present specimen in- dicates a trilobed leaf with entire margin and decurrent base ; lobes diverging at an angle of about 45° or less, with nearly parallel margins and acute tips (?); the secondaries branch at a wide angle and their tips are joined by rather straight arches.
( 89)
Lesquereux separates the Dakota leaves of Sterculia from Aralia merely on account of the ‘‘ primary divisions and pri- mary nerves from the top of the petiole.” This character, which I do not consider diagnostic, would refer this leaf to Aralia as the lateral primaries branch from the midrib a con- siderable distance above its base. The venation is some- what similar to the Dakota Sterculza reticulata Lesq. (FI. Dak. Group, p/. 34. 7. 10), and also to that of Aralia trans- verstnervia Sap. & Mar. described by Hollick from Oak- neck, Long Island (Bull. Torrey Club, 21. 54. Af. 176.7. 7. 1894) which leaf he does not consider an Aralza.
In outline this leaf resembles Sterculia lugubris Lesq. ex- cept that the primaries are not basal; whether the lobes were produced to the length they are in that species is of course conjectural. Our fragment is also somewhat similar in out- line to the fragment (Fl. Amboy Clays, f/. 26. f. 2) referred by Newberry to Aralia quinguepartita Lesq., in which how- ever the venation is unfortunately obliterated. Hollick’s Sterculia sp. (2. c.) probably belongs here; his f 4 is the fragment of a much smaller leaf, but his larger fragments (/. 5-7) might well be the acutely tipped lobes of our leaf, the venation of the two corresponding very well.
Our leaf also has somewhat the appearance of Aralia Jorgensent Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct. 7: p/. roz. f. 1) but the sinuses are not quite so deep. It might further be compared to Aralia Wellingtoniana Vaughanit Knowlton from the Woodbine formation of Texas (Dakota). The latter is tri- lobed, the lobes slender and entire; not figured, however. (Knowlton; Hill, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. 21: 318. IgOI.)
Sterculia Snowii bilobata var. nov. FY. 43. /f. 7.
Sterculia Snowid is known from the Dakota Group of Kan- sas and New Mexico and the Cheyenne Sandstone at Belvi- dere, Kansas. The specimen from the Matawan here figured, in its outline approximates Lirtophylum Beckwithit Lesq., from the Dakota Group, but the venation is radically differ-
(90)
ent. We have supposed its relationship to be with Sterculza Suowid not only because the latter already has a remarkable bilobate form (var. dzsjuncta), but also because we can readily imagine a leaf like the leaf of S. Sxowz? shown on FI. Dak. Group, pl. 33. f. 3 with a deeper sinus which would then make it correspond with our specimen.
This reference is far from satisfactory ; it would seem that if this is a variety of S. Sxzowz7 the latter ought to be present as well or at least in the Raritan, although it has not as yet been discovered, except a doubtful specimen from Tottenville, Staten Island (Hollick, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 422. pl. 37. f. 4. 1898). Although Lesquereux in his Report on the Clay Deposits of New Jersey (1878) recognized un- determined species of Stercudia at three different localities, no decisive remains of this genus have thus far come to light in the Raritan formation in New Jersey. Dr. Hollick, to whom a sketch of this leaf was sent, is disposed to compare it with Fl. Dak. Group, p/. 27. f. 5, which Lesquereux refers to Heer’s Cussztes formosus. Inasmuch as Lesquer- eux’s determination is doubtful, because the secondary system is quite unlike that of Czsscfes in looping along the margins and more like that of Sterculia, I prefer to consider it more nearly related to the latter, at least provisionally. It may also be compared with £ 3 of Aralia concreta Lesq., as figured by him in Cret. & Tert. Fl. A/. 9. Sterculia Limbata Velen., the Bohemian representative of S. Snow7?, has sometimes 4-lobed, 4-veined leaves.
STERCULIA MUCRONATA Lesq. Fi. 43. fi 3. Sterculia mucronata Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 182. pl. 30. SJ. I-4. 1892.
In the absence of the apical and basal portions, and be- cause of the obliteration of the venation, it is with consider- able hesitation that I refer this small bilobed leaf to the above Dakota Group species. That it is referable to Stercudza is I think probable, but just which species to associate it with is doubtful. It is about the same size as Lesquereux’s smaller
(91)
specimens (7. 3, 4), but differs in having the midrib branch at some distance above the base. Both ancient and modern Sterculia leaves vary considerably, and Stercalia Snowit has a bilobed form.
There is considerable resemblance to the smaller leaves from the Raritan at Woodbridge, which Newberry refers to Sassafras acutilobum Lesq. (Fl. Amboy Clays, p/. 25. f. 2,55 6, 10). Leaves of the living Sterculia diversifolia occiden- tals Benth., from interior Australia, contained in the Meis- ner Herbarium, are very similar to Sterculia mucronata.
ARALIACEAE.
ARALIA Linn. Sp. Pl. 273. 1753.
The genus Aralra has never been precisely defined for the paleobotanist, the custom being to follow precedent and refer a variety of polymorphic leaves of synthetic types to this genus — leaves having a variety of affinities, Platanoid, Sas- safroid, etc., as well as leaves allied to Crssus and Hedera. The existing flora includes some twenty-seven species of North America and Asia, six of which are American; only one of these, however (A. sfznosa L.), is arborescent. The ancient flora contains numerous leaves that have been referred to this genus, besides several that have been referred to the allied genus Araliaephyllum. The distribution of the Amer- ican fossil species is as follows:* Potomac 1, and 4 sp. of Araliaephyllum, Raritan 8, Matawan 6, Island Raritan 5, Dakota 13, Mill Creek 3, Laramie 3, Denver 1, Ft. Union 5, Tertiary of Yellowstone Park 3, Green River 1, Eocene 4, Miocene 5, Atane beds 2, Patoot beds 1, Greenland Tertiary 2.
Velenovsky enumerates two species from the Cenomanian of Bohemia, A. decurrens being apparently identical with A. Saportanea of the Dakota, and the other, A. coriacea, reap- pearing at Martha's Vineyard. From the European Tertiary some thirty-two species are recorded, none occurring in the existing flora of Europe.
*Ettingshausen (Trans. N. Z. Inst. 19: 449) records -fra/ia in the Tas- manian Tertiary.
(92)
Lesquereux (FI. Dak. Group, 249) characterizes these leaves as follows: ‘* Base decurrent, primary nervation pal- mately trifid and supra-basilar,” but he repeatedly fails to conform to his definition. Thus his A. acerzfolia, A. tenuz- nervis, A. dissecta and A. subemarginata lack the decurrent base, as do also five of Newberry’s Raritan forms. The pri- maries are generally subbasal and are basal in Lesquereux’s A. guinguepartita, A. notata, A. dissecta and A. Masont. I have been at a loss to distinguish between Sterculia and Aralia in the Matawan material; no mutually exclusive characters can be gathered from the published descriptions or figures, and as it would be useless to attempt a revision without an examination of all the collected material, I have been forced to follow the pernicious precedent above al- luded to.
ARALIA Townerr Lesq.
Aralia Towner? Lesq. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. 1: 394. 1876; Ann. Rep. did. 1874: 349. PI. 4. J. 3. 1876; Cret. & Tert. Fl. 62. p/. 6. f. g. 1883; Fi. Dak. Group, 132. pl. 23. 7.3, 4; pl. 31. fi 1. 1892. Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 132. pl. rg. f. 1,12. 1897.
Described originally from the Dakota Group of Kansas, Hollick has doubtfully referred two fragments from the clays near Cliffwood to this species. These fragments are so in- complete that the form of the leaf is more or less conjectural. The secondaries are straighter than in Lesquereux’s speci- mens and branch from the primaries at a wider angle. At the same time they seem to differ from my specimens from this formation which I have referred to Aralva Ravniana Heer.
Arauis Ravniana Heer. Pl. 46.f.7; pl. 53. fi2; pl. 57.fil. Arata Ravniana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 6: 84. pl. 38.f- I, 2. 1882. The specimens from Cliffwood figured above are identical with Heer’s Aralia Ravniana from the Atane schists at
(93 )
Igdlokunguak, Greenland, except that the basal primary forks a considerable distance from its base. I was at first disposed to refer them to Aralia Towner? Lesq., particularly as Heer compared his leaves with that species and Les- quereux suggested * that the two were identical.
While the occurrence of two such large-leaved species of Aralia in the Matawan formation may seem anomalous, especially as they had much in common, I fail to see their identity. Aralia Towner was a palmately five-lobed leaf with a decurrent base and obtuse lanceolate lobes. Arata Rav- nzana on the other hand was probably a six- or seven-lobed leaf of large size, for while in no case is the apex preserved, I cannot conceive that such a leaf as the discovered frag- ments evidently represent could have had an undivided terminal lobe. If they had, they would differ from all other species of Arafia in its size, and from lobed leaves in gen- eral. They would have had a lobe wider than long, with an area greater than the balance of the leaf, the deep lateral sinuses almost cutting it off from the rest of the blade. In the specimen figured at p/. 57, f. r (one fourth natural size) the midrib more than half way to the tip gives off a strong lateral branch which it seems reasonable to suppose formed the midrib of a lateral lobe. Furthermore, A. Ravniana differs from A. Townerz in having stouter primaries, nar- rower sinuses, more ovate lobes, the basal ones widely spread- ing, and the base but slightly or not at all decurrent. If we may judge from the obsolete venation, it was a more cori- aceous leaf.
ARALIA PALMATA Newb. 7. 44. Araha palmata Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 117. pl. 39. f% 6,7; pl. go. fi 3. 1896.
It is easier perhaps to criticise others than to escape criti- cism oneself, at the same time in considering the leaves which seem referable to Araia in our collections from near Cliff- wood and in comparing them with the Raritan forms referred
* Cret. & ‘& Tert. FI. 105.
(94)
to this genus by Newberry, we are struck with the range of variability, not only within each species as defined by him, but in the whole group, and the thought forces itself upon us that perhaps it would be an advantage to cut down the total number of species. Newberry has described seven species from the Woodbridge horizon alone and only one from the higher beds at South Amboy. The occurrence of a variety of Aralia-like leaves in the Matawan shows that the imper- fection of the record is probably responsible for their absence in the intervening beds: and it seems rather incredible that each form represents an ancient species that flourished on the New Jersey coast in Cretaceous days.
The leaves before us, while not uniform, seem to more nearly represent Avalia palmata than any other known form. Our “7. 5 may be compared with Newberry’s 7 6. While it is about one sixth smaller, other fragments from Cliffwood indicate a somewhat larger size; the lobes are a trifle more slender and the main sinuses somewhat deeper. The lower margins were sometimes undulate and the latero-basal lobes short. The lobation was, however, somewhat variable, as it was also in Newberry’s leaves. Our / 6 might be compared with a variety of forms, such as Ficus (?) Alaskana Newb. (Later Ext. Fl. ff. 57. f. 2) and Hedera obligua Newb. or Hedera primordialis Newb. of the Amboy Clays. It has the secondaries straighter than is usually the case in this genus; in its tertiary venation it agrees with Newberry’s # 3 of Arata paimata. The secondaries were distant and were joined at their tip by widely arching loops.
Other species with which our leaves may be compared are Cissites ingens Lesq. and Liguidambar integrifolium Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. Fl. 7. 74. f. 3).
ARALIA GROENLANDICA Heer. Pl. 45. fi 4.
Aralia Groenlandica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 6: 84. pl. 38. Si 35 pl. 39. fi rs pl. 26. f. 16, 17. 1882 (f. 77 is Aralia Ravniana) ; pl. 39. f. 3 of Sassafras recurvatum Lesq. is in all probability this species. Lesq. Fl. Dak.
(95 )
Group, 134. p2. 54. 2 2-3. 1892. Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 7: 13. 1895. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 116. pl. 28. fi 4. 1896.
A widespread species recorded from the Atane schists, Greenland; Dakota Group, Kansas; Raritan, Woodbridge, N. J.; and the Cretaceous at Martha’s Vineyard.
If Newberry has correctly identified Fl. Amboy Clays, #/. 28, f. 4, as the above species then our fragment undoubtedly belongs to the same species. It is the same size as New- berry’s leaf; the angle of divergence of the lateral primaries is a trifle greater however, and the primary venation is stronger, agreeing with Lesquereux’s and Heer’s leaves in the latter particular. Both the New Jersey leaves are smaller than the Dakota and Greenland specimens and have relatively narrower lobes. Unfortunately the basal portion of the Cliff- wood leaf is gone, so we do not know whether or not there was an extra pair of laterals springing from the base of the midrib. This is a feature of all the leaves which Lesquereux has referred to this species, but is wanting in Heer’s p/. 38, J. 3, and is also wanting on one side in the Raritan leaf.
The leaf which Newberry describes as a new species (/. ¢. 114. pl. 28. f. 3), under the name of Arata fatens, should in all probability be considered as a form of his A. Groen- fandica with deeper sinuses and more divergent lobes, as he suggests. Our leaf might also be compared with Cret. & Tert. Flora, p/. 5. fz, which Lesquereux considers Sassa- Sras acutilobum; it is also much the same form of leaf as Sterculia aperta Lesq., but larger; and there is considerable resemblance to the leaf which Heer refers to Sassafras Fer- rettana Mass. (¥]. Foss. Arct. 7: pl. 97. f. 5).
Aralia Mattewanensis sp.nov. F/. 43. f.2; pl. 46.7 6. A palmately four- or five-lobed leaf; lobes oblanceolate in outline (tips missing), with rather narrow sinuses nearly to the base; primaries rather stout; a majority of the seconda- ries branch at a wide angle and are nearly straight to within a short distance of the margin, along which they arch. Leaf coriaceous, if we may so judge from the obsolete venation.
(96 )
These leaves have a distant resemblance to Lesquereux’s Cissites formosus Heer (Fl. Dak. Group, f/. 2z. f. 5) but bear no resemblance to the Amboy Clay leaves which New- berry refers to that species. Our leaves also suggest some forms of Avalia such as A. quinguepartita Lesq., but the base is apparently not decurrent and the primaries branch from the midrib at the same place, the lateral ones at nearly right angles.
Aralia Brittoniana sp. nov. f7. 45. f. 3.
I have been unable to identify this with any known species of Arala and therefore add another to the long list of diver- sified leaves of this genus which have been found in the Raritan and Matawan formation. In size and outline it re- sembles Aralia acertfolia Lesq. of the Fort Union beds of the West, but the secondaries are stronger and more regular. The specimen denotes a leaf which was trilobed with an evi- dent tendency to produce an extra latero-basal lobe on each side; with a broadly truncated base which curves upward for about half the distance to the tip to form a point above which the margin is concave; lobes presumably acute; ter- minal lobe broad with moderately convex sides; sinus to be- low the middle, rounded; primary and secondary venation strong, but tertiary venation entirely obsolete; lateral pri- mary could not have branched far from the base and forms an angle of about 45° with the midrib, leaving room for a secondary below; secondaries regular, leaving the primaries at a wide angle and running straight to within a short dis- tance of the margin and then curving to join the secondary next above. Our only specimen was evidently not bilaterally symmetrical.
ERICACEAE. ANDROMEDA Linn. Sp. Pl. 393. 1753.
At the present time a monotypic genus of the north tem- perate and subarctic zone. Many fossil leaves have been referred here, some twenty-five species in this country alone.
(97)
The generic determination of Ericaceous leaves is always however a matter of extreme uncertainty, which is fully shared by the following distributed American forms: Rari- tan 6, Island Raritan 1, Dakota 9, Woodbine 1, Montana 1, Laramie 2, Livingston 1, Denver 1, Green River 2, Eocene 2, Miocene 1, Pleistocene 2, Atane 2, Greenland Tertiary 5.
ANDROMEDA ParuaToril Heer. Pl. 50. f. 1-4. Andromeda Parlator?i Heer, Phyll. Crét. Nebr. 18. fd. 7. jf. 5. 1866. Lesq. Cret. Flora, 88. A/. 23. f. 6, 7; pi. 28. f.r5. 18743; Fl. Dak. Group, 115. pl. zg. fiz; pl. 52. f. 6. 1893. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 120. A/. 37. Sf. 1-73 pl. 33. f- 1, 2,4,5. 1896. Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. Qe 2e. Pl G21 fd 5 20 1075 5 Os 99. Pl. 27 J. 10,775 pl. g2. fo gc. 1882. Hollick, Bull. Torrey Club, 21: 54. pl. 175. f- 2, 5. 1894; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 420. pl. 37. f. 7. 1898. White, Am. Jour. Sci. III. 39: 97. pl.2.f. 4. 1890.
Prunus ? Parlatorit Lesq. Am. Jour. Sci. II. 46: 102. 1868.
This species is recorded from the following localities: Dakota Group: Kansas, Nebraska, and New Ulm, Minn. Cretaceous: Sea Cliff, L. I., Tottenville, Staten Island and Martha’s Vineyard. Raritan: common at nearly every locality opened. Greenland: Atane beds at Atanekerdluk, Isunguak and Igdlokunguak.
Newberry (/. c.) is inclined to doubt the reference of all these leaves to Azdromeda, pointing out that generic determi- nations of most Ericaceous leaves are always doubtful. Heer compares his Greenland specimens to Ettingshausen’s Laurus cretacea from Niederschona. In our /f. ¢ the finer reticula- tion is very minute and five- or six-sided.
MYRSINACEAE. MyrsineE Linn. Sp. Pl. 196. 14753. Fossil American species occur in the following formations : Raritan 3, Island Raritan 3, Dakota 2, Green River 1, Atane 1, Greenland Tertiary 2.
( 98 )
The family is a large one of the tropics of both hemispheres. In the recent monographic revision by Carl Mez (Engler, Pflanzenreich, Heft 9, 1902) nine hundred and thirty-three species are enumerated distributed among thirty-two genera and nine fossil genera are enumerated. Four species, all arborescent, enter the United States, one of them a true Myrsine, the others referred to the genera /cacorea (Ardisia) and jacquinia. They range from southern Florida through the West Indies, Central America, Mexico and northern South America.
MyrsinE crassa Lesq. f%. 52. f. 6. Myrsine crassa Lesq. Fl. Dak. Group, 114. pl. 52. f. 2, 3. 1892.
The single leaf which I have referred to this Dakota species was lost after the hurried sketch which is here reproduced was made and the reference can therefore be only provisional unless additional specimens are discovered.
The outline and venation suggest this species although it is a somewhat smaller leaf. Iwas at first inclined to refer it to Lirtodendropsis, which it greatly resembles, but in the absence of the apex our reference of it to this species of Myrstne is warranted.
Or UNcERTAIN AFFINITIES. DEwALQuEA GRroenLanpica Heer (?). Pl. 57. f. 3. Dewalquea Groenlandica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 6°: 87. pl. 29.f. 18, 19; pl. 42. fi 5,6; pl. gf. f. 113 7: 37> pl. 62. f. 5,6. Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 129. pl. ar. fi 2, 3,72. 1896. MHollick, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 11: 423. pl. 36. f. 7. 1808.
Obscure leaf-remains of uncertain botanical affinities; in- cluded by Heer in the Ranunculaceae. Leaves (or leaflets) with very tapering base, thick midribs, and short petioles; apparently rather coriaceous in texture and with the venation entirely obliterated. They agree fairly well with the figures of this species as cited above. This is another species which
(99)
occurs in the New Jersey Raritan (localities not given); on Staten Island; and in the Atane and Patoot beds of Green- land. The genus was founded by Saporta & Marion* and embraces several European species of which Dewalguea in- signis reappears in both the Atane and Patoot beds of Green- land, and on Staten Island; while D. Haldem/ana reappears in the Patoot beds, in Utah, and on Staten Island. The Dakota group furnishes two additional species.
PopozaAMITES MARGINATUS Heer. Fi. 46. f. 1-3.
Podozamites marginatiis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. 67: 43. pi.
16. f. 0.
Similar remains are common in the Raritan (three species). Hollick (Bull. Torrey Club, 21: 62. A/. 180. f. 4) records a fragment from Glen Cove, Long Island, and also from Chap- paquidick Island, Mass. (Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 4o1. pi. 41. f. 8, 9. 1902).
The genus was founded by Fr. Braun, in Minster, Beitr. Petrefacten-Kunde (Heft. 6. 28. 1843) and is chiefly Upper Triassic (Rhetic) and Jurassic, becoming decadent in the Cretaceous. The latter has yielded, however, seventeen species on this continent (including Greenland), nine of which existed as late as the mid-Cretaceous, all described from rather fragmentary and somewhat doubtful leaf-remains.
Our specimens would appear to be fragments of Podozam- ates marginatus? Heer, which occurs at Woodbridge in the Raritan clays (Fl. Amboy Clays, 44. pl. 13. fi 5. 6); originally described by Heer from Atane, Greenland.
Phragmites (?) Cliffwoodensis sp. nov. Fl. 46. f. 5.
A terminal, sharply pointed fragment of a monocotyle- donous leaf, 12 cm. long and 5.5 mm. broad, finely parallel- veined.
The remains of Phragmites usually consists of leaf frag- ments or rhizomes, all of rather doubtful affinity, although a single palet of P. Oenzngensis A. Br. is described by Heer from Greenland.
* Mem. Cour. & Sav. Etrangers Acad. Belg. 37: 55. 1873.
( 100 )
The Matawan remains are too small to be definitely referred to Phragmites, and may be compared to those referred to Poacies, Cyperites, etc.
CHONDRITES FLEXUOSUS Newb. (?) Chondrites flexuosus Newb. Fl. Amboy Clays, 34. /. 7. J. 1,4. 1896 Obscure remains from near Clifford (not figured), of doubt- ful botanical affinities, may be compared with the above species which occurs at Sayreville, Woodbridge, etc., in the Raritan clays.
Carpolithus juglandiformis sp. nov. 7. 46. f. &.
Has a superficial resemblance, but no botanical affinity with some of the fruits referred to the genus Cycadeospermum. Is evidently not a seed-bearing scale but seems to have been a small nutlet which has been compressed and transformed into lignite; bears considerable resemblance to /uglans cos- tata (Pres!) Brongn. as figured by Lesquereux (Cret. & Tert. Fl. £7. 39. f. 5) from the Green River group at Florissant, Colorado.
Carpolithus Cliffwoodensis sp. nov. Fl. 48. f. 6.
This specimen resembles a number of seeds figured by Heer from the Arctic regions, as for instance Lamprocar- pites nitidus (F\. Foss. Arct. 6*: pl. 8. f. 12-14) and Car- polithes najadium (cbid. 1: pl. 27. 7. 15, 156), although with the exception of f, 74 our specimens are about twice the size of any of those of Heer.
Carpolithus dubius sp. nov. fl. 48. f. 7.
This appears to be a thick, inequilateral, oblong scale. It is about 2 mm. in thickness and the surface is irregularly roughly lined. Botanical affinity vague.
CarpoLitHus Virciniensis Font. (?) Pl. 48. f. 5.
Carpolithus Virginiensts Font. Potomac Flora, 266. fi.
134. f. 11-14; pl. 135. fi 1, 5; pl. 168. f. 75 7a.
( ror )
1889. Ward, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 197: 693. pl. 169. f. 16. 1899.
Without a comparison of specimens this reference is only provisional, although from the published figures our specimen is almost exactly like the detached specimens from the Po- tomac formation described as above. Fontaine considers them as probably belonging to some species of Bazeropszs, a Lower Cretaceous genus which does not occur in New Jersey ; nor is it at all likely to have persisted as late as the Middle Cretaceous. Remains are abundant inthe Potomac formation attached to stems; also found detached in the Lower Creta- ceous of the Black Hills; and in the Kootanie at Great Falls, Montana. Remains indicate a small, smooth, and hard nutlet.
CARPOLITHUS DRUPAEFORMIS Hollick. Carpolithus drupaeformis Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 134. pl. rz. f. 4, ga. 18947. Apparently the seed of some drupaceous fruit as the name indicates. Recorded by Hollick from the Matawan forma- tion near Cliffwood, N. J.; not found by me.
STROBILITES INQUIRENDUS Hollick. Strobrlites inguirendus Hollick, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 130. pl. rz. fr. 1897. Remains of doubtful affinity, possibly a distorted and somewhat macerated cone. Recorded by Hollick from the Matawan formation near Cliffwood, N. J.; not found by me.
Piryoxyton Houuicxi Knowlton. Pityoxylon Hoilicki Knowlton; Hollick, Trans. N. Y. SC: TOT 34a 72s Recorded by Hollick from the Matawan formation near Cliffwood, N. J.; not found by me.
( 102 )
Description of Plates. PLATE 43. Fig. I. Nelumbo primaeva sp. nov.
Fig. 7. Sterculia Snowii bilobata var. nov.
PLATE 44. Aralia palmata Newb.
PLATE 45. Figs. 1, 2. Sassafras acutilobum Lesq. Fig. 3. Aralia Brittoniana sp. nov. Fig. 4. Aralia Groenlandica Heer.
PLATE 46. Figs. 1-3. Podozamites marginatus Heer. a . Arisaema cretaceum Lesq. g.5. Phragmites (?) hess sp. nov. rie 6. phe 1a Matlewanensis sp. n Fig. 7. Ara Fig. 8. Re juglandiformis sp. nov.
Figs. 1, 5, 8. one gran egitim Newb. Figs. 2, 3. Sapindus Mor
Fig. 4. Ma, ie Maas A eer.
Fig. 6. Quercu.
Fig. 7. Ficus Woolsoni Newb.
Fig. 9. Laurus proteaefolia Lesq.
Fig. 10. Magnolia tenutfolia Lesq.
PLATE 48. Figs. 1-4. Moriconia cyclotoxon Deb. & Ett. Fig. 5. pie Virginiensis Font. (?). Fig. 6. C. Cliffwoodensis sp. n Fig. 7. C. dubius sp. nov. Figs. 8-11. Dammara Cliffwoodensis Hollick. Fig. 12. Salix proteacfolia Lakes (Newb.) Lesq. Fig. 13. Quercus Holmesti 1 Figs. 14, 19. ee ee es Hee:
Figs. 15, 16, 17, 20. Seguoia Reichenbach (Gein.) Heer. (?).
Figs. 21-22. aces gracillima (Lesq.) Newb.
( 103 )
Figs. 1-5. Laurophyllum angustifolium Newb. Fig. 6. Laurus proteaefolia Les Sq. Fig. 7. Populttes tenuifolius sp. nov.
PLATE 50. Figs. 1-4. Andromeda Parlatorii Herr. Figs. 5, 6. Rhamnus Novae-Caesareae sp. nov. Figs. 7, 8. Laurus Hollae Heer Figs. 9-11. Laurus Plutonia Heer.
PLATE SI. Figs. 1, 2. cided flollickii sp. nov. Fig. 3. U in Fig. 4. Quercus (?) ee Caesareae Hollick. ae 5. Saltx Mattewanensis sp. nov. s. 6-9. Proteoides daphnogenioides Heer.
=
PLATE 52. Fig. 1. Aucalyptus (2?) dubia Fig. 2. Salix proteaefolia Pee (Newb.) Lesq Fig. 3. Undetermine Fig. 4. Laurus Poi Sp. nov. Fig. 5. Ficus reticulata (Lesq.) Knowlton. Fig. 6. Afyrstne crassa Les Figs. 7, 8. Laurus Hollae ieee Fig. 9. ‘Cue CUS SP. PLATE 53. Figs. 1, 4. Ficus iiaraae (Lesq.) Knowlton. Fig. 2. Avalia Ravn nee Fig. 3. Zucalyptus Gcinitel Fig. 5. Alagnolia ee Hollick.
PLATE 54. Boulders of clay on beach near Cliffwood, N. J., yielding plant remains.
E 55. Showing how face of bluff near Cliffwood, N. J., is obscured by landslips.
PLATE 56. View of bluff near Cliffwood, N. J., showing alternating layers of sand and lignite. PLATE 57. Fig. 1. Avalia Ravniana Heer. Cliffwood specimen restored, 4 nat- ural size. Fig. 2. Magnolia Woodbridgensis Hollick. Fig. 3. Dewalguea Groenlandica Heer. (?)
( 104 )
Bolivian Mosses. Part I. By R. S. WILLIAMS.
The following list of mosses includes species collected by the author while attached to a party in charge of Dr. John W. Evans, sent out to Bolivia for the purpose of exploring certain regions on tributaries of the upper Amazon for The Bolivia Company. Our party landed early in August, rgo1, at Mollendo, passed through Peru and over Lake Titicaca, first to La Paz, reaching that city August 13, where we re- mained some days making farther preparations for the trip. From La Paz, 3500 meters elevation, we went to the town of Sorata, 1200 meters lower, then over several high passes of the Cordillera Real, the highest attaining an altitude of about 4860 meters, by way of Ingenio and Tolapampa, to Mapiri on the Mapiri River with an elevation of only 485 meters. Here we obtained balsas and floated down the Mapiri and Bini Rivers to San Buena Ventura, 430 meters elevation and the lowest point reached on the trip. Leaving the river at this point we went to the westward, visiting the towns of Tumupasa, San José and Ixiamas, in the lower forest region, then going to Apolo, a town situated at 1440 meters elevation in an open, nearly treeless valley, with low, grass-covered mountains on either side. We remained here from the mid- dle of February, 1902, until the latter part of April, making one trip, meanwhile, northwestward through forests to the Lanca river, which occupied nearly a month’s time. April 24, we left Apolo for La Paz by way of the Pelichuco Pass, quite a number of miles to the northward of the Sorata-Mapiri trail, and passed through the towns of Santa Cruz, Pata and Pelichuco in Bolivia and Cojata, Taraco, Juliaca and Puno, on the high tableland of Peru, about 3950 meters elevation. From Puno, the railway station on Titicaca, our route was the same as that first traversed to La Paz. Shortly after reaching that city, instead of returning home at once, two
( 105 )
members of our party, Mr. John Turle and the author, went back to Apolo where we remained until September. On this second trip to the interior we went from La Paz to Sorata as before, but shortly after leaving that place, kept somewhat to the left of our first route and quite near to the Sorata River, passing through Tacacoma and Consata and striking the Mapiri-Apolo trail some fifteen miles from Mapiri at Achi- quiri. Reaching Apolo the second time June 20, we re- mained till near the middle of September, exploring the ad- jacent region, especially that about Atten to the southwest, and Santa Cruz, to the northward. September 13 we again started for La Paz going by way of the Mapiri-Sorata trail, over roads already essentially traversed. The altitudes given are largely estimates, to be considered as only approximately correct. In the arrangement of species I have followed Brotherus in Engler & Prantl.
ANDREAEA STRIATA Mitt.
Common at 4200 or 4500 meters in the vicinity of Sorata, also collected near Ingenio, Tolapampa and Tacacoma. This species seems to vary in much the same manner as A. petrophila. The tufts measure up to 4 cm. high, with leaves from very papillose to nearly smooth (1680 to 1685). TREMATODON REFLEXUS C. Miill.
On mud banks along the Mapiri river, 450 meters. In fine fruit, April 26, Tuichi river. The collum may be dis- tinctly strumose at base or without struma (1852, 1853 and 2855).
DiTRICHUM RUFESCENS Hampe.
Below Pelichuco, 2600 meters, on rock, April 30, 1902 (2827).
CERATODON NovoGRANATENSIS Hampe.
Pelichuco, 3500 meters, May 3, 1902 (2876). DisTICHIUM CAPILLACEUM (Sw.) Bry. Eur.
Luipichi Pass, above Sorata, 4200 meters, on rock, Sep- tember 27, 1902 (1709).
( 106 )
Dicranella Apolensis sp. nov.
Dioicous. Slender stems up to 2.5 cm. high, with few branches: leaves lanceolate, falcate-secund, keeled, some- what revolute at margin, mostly acutely pointed, entire ex- cept at apex, which often terminates in 2 or 3 teeth of about equal length; costa vanishing just below apex, well defined below and scarcely one fourth the width of the leaf-base; stem-leaves 1.5 mm. long, perichaetial leaves very similar but a little longer (2 mm.) and more slender-pointed ; leaf- cells quite uniform throughout leaf, mostly rectangular, from slightly elongated to two and one half times longer than broad: seta 4 mm. long; capsule erect, ovate, small-mouthed and smooth, 0.75 mm. long, the lid with obliquely rostrate beak about the same length; exothecal cells mostly one and one half to two times longer than broad with thick not sinuous walls; annulus large; teeth pale and irregular, papillose, often split nearly to base or cribrose, with points free or united: spores rough, up to 18 » in diameter.
On sand along stream, Apolo, July 1, 1902 (1743). DicRANELLA KunzEAna (C. Miil:) Mitt.
Consata, 900 meters, June 13, 1902 (1740); Tumupasa, 5400 meters, January 25, 1902 (1736). Determined from description only.
Dicranella subserrulata sp. nov.
Apparently dioicous. Stems 2 mm. high: leaves spread- ing, flexuous, the upper 2.5 mm. long, narrowly elongated- lanceolate, keeled, acute and rather sharply dentate at apex, margin nearly flat and distinctly serrulate about one third down ; leaf-lamina pale brown, distinct to apex, larger cells of upper leaf about 5 x 15, of lower leaf 12 x 503; costa nearly percurrent, very distinct to base, 50-60” wide below and about one fourth the width of the leaf-base: seta up to 8 mm. high; capsule oblong, nearly erect, smooth and wide- mouthed when dry and empty, with conical, obliquely beaked lid often exceeding it in length; teeth of peristome regular, divided three fourths down with slender, red, papillose segments; annulus large: spores, slightly rough, up to 16 #in diameter.
On sandy cut-bank, Huainachoirisa river, July 28, 1902 (1741). The two preceding species clearly belong to the subgenus J/icrodus, while this has the peristome rather of a true Dicranella.
( 107 )
DICRANELLA TENUIROSTRIS (Kunze) Mitt.
Common about Apolo, 1440 meters, April, June and August (1726, 1739, 1744); Lanca river, 900 meters, March (1731):
These specimens are similar to Spruce’s no. 39 and no. 43, called D. ex?gua, but are not the D. exigua collected by Beyrich in the Serra d’Estrella, the type locality. This last is a rather smaller plant with shorter and straight, erect- spreading leaves. D. zveissdocdea C. M. (E. Ule no. 6 and no. 61, Bryotheca Brasil.) is evidently this latter species (D. ex?gua).
DicRANELLA BEYRICHIANA Hampe.
Apolo, very common, February to July (1732, 1733, 17345 5735 and 1745); Mapiri, September, rgor (1728) DicRANELLA PERROTTETI (Mont.) Mitt.
Santa Cruz, 1520 meters, April 25, 1902 (2752). These specimens have the capsule often pendant and the seta rather more thickened next to the capsule, than perhaps is usual.
DicRANELLA MACROSTOMA (C,. Miill.) Par. Near La Paz, 3600 meters, August 24, 1901. Determined from description only (2858).
DicRANELLA JAMESONI (Tayl.) Broth.
On wet rock walls, Sorata, 2250 meters, June 6, 1902 (1708).
Campylopodium sulcatum sp. nov.
Dioicous. Densely cespitose: stems 2 cm. high, branch- ing, with radicles at base: stem-leaves up to 4.5 mm. long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, with a long straight subulate point, with incurved margins, entire except the denticulate
short distance, filling most of the subula and becoming ex- current; perichaetial leaves shorter than stem-leaves and rather abruptly narrowed to point; cells of lower leaf-blade pale and thin-walled, those near costa rectangular and broad, becoming narrower toward margin, with 4 or § rows of very narrow, long cells in margin: seta up to 1.5 cm. high, only
( 108 )
slightly sinuous, with capsule erect when dry, becoming doubly bent with moisture and capsule more or less nodding ; capsule oblong, about 2 mm. in length, very narrow and deeply furrowed when dry, with a high-conical, obliquely rostrate lid two thirds as long ; exothecal cells rather irregular, narrow, mostly 4 or 5 times longer than broad with much thickened, somewhat sinuous lateral walls and very thin end- walls; peristome of dark red teeth strongly cross-barred and vertically striate below, divided about one-half down, the slender segments pale and papillose; annulus large: spores pale, smooth, up to 12 # in diameter.
On decayed log, at about 2700 meters, below Tolapampa on Sorata-Mapiri trail, September 12, 1901 (1756). RHABDOWEISIA FUGAX (Hedw.) Bry. Eur.
Pelichuco, 3100 meters, May 3, 1902 (2863).
OREOWEISIA LIGULARIS Mitt.
On rock walls, above Tacacoma, 3600 meters, June 9, 1902 (1719); Pelichuco, 3300 meters (2871); near Sorata, 3900 meters (2135).
HOLOMITRIUM CRISPULUM Mart.
On trunks of trees and fallen logs at 1800 meters. New Brazil, June 14, 1902 (1771); also near Apolo.
Dicranum Bouivianum C. Miill.
Cargadira, Apolo region, 2400 meters, July 31, 1902 (1746); near Pelichuco, 2700 meters (2833).
CaMpPyLopus LEUCOGNOODEs (C. Mill.) Par.
Pelichuco, 3500 meters, May 5, 1902 (2834); Ingenio, 3000 meters, September, r1go1 (1757). I first referred these specimens to C. areodictyon as they agree well with the de- scription given by Mitten and are evidently the same as those of J. Weir, no. 180; but they differ from the specimens col- lected by Funck and Schlim in Venezuela, which have a more slender, excurrent, denticulate costa and longer pedicel. CampyLorus DENSIcoMA (C. Mill.) Par.
On stump of tree, Pelichuco, 3000 meters, April 30, 1902 (2832).
CaMPYLopus occuLtus Mitt. Cargadira, Apolo region, 2400 meters, July 29, 1902 (1754).
( 109 )
CAMPYLOPUS CONCOLOR (Hook.) Mitt.
On logs, Tigre Pata, 1800 meters, San José-Apolo trail, February 10, 1902; Pelichuco, 2700 meters, April 30, 1902 (1748 and 2831).
CAMPYLOPUS ZYGODONTICARPUS (C. Miill.) Par.
Near Apolo, 1650 meters, August 31, 1902 (1758). CampyLopus EREcTuSs (C. Mill.) Mitt.
On bushes growing on the high hills back of Mollendo, August